วันพุธที่ 30 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2552

How to Sell Goods on eBay

Quite recently I was having a clear out and came across a box of old vinyl albums in a box at the back of a cupboard. The obvious question arose; "Now what shall I do with all this stuff?" Now I'm a pretty altruistic kind of guy and quite often I'll take things down to a charity shop rather than just dumping them. On this occasion I'd earlier been looking for some books on eBay and the obvious thought occurred to me, why not sell the albums on eBay? Now by and large vinyl albums don't sell for a fortune on eBay, but rarer and more unusual ones - in good condition - can have dedicated fan bases eager to buy up original recordings. So, armed with my collection of some way-out 60s vinyl albums I needed to find out how to sell on eBay.

The first thing to do is register with eBay as a seller. Nothing could be easier as the eBay website takes you through this procedure in small and simple steps. Before starting this there are a few things to think about. First is how do you want people to pay you? You'll be offered several options by eBay for how to pay and be paid on its website. Using PayPal is a great way to finance things, for both selling and buying over the internet. So you might want to register with PayPal first, the alternative to that is you'll have to register a debit or credit card with them. Also, it'd be a good idea to think about the trading name you want to use. You can of course alter this later but you might consider; do you want to use your own name or a nick-name or something to do with what you're selling or .... whatever? A hint here is - have several names ready, regardless of how original you think yours might be you'd be amazed at how many seller names are already taken. You'll also need to have a password ready. When the on-screen instructions offer you a choice for the level of seller you want to operate at, initially I'd recommend creating a 'Personal seller account'.

Having completed the registration process, you're ready to open your account and start selling on eBay. Again, before starting this I'd do a bit of preparation; what are you going to write about the item(s), have you got a photograph of it/them ready, how much will it cost you to dispatch the item(s) to a buyer, ...etc? When you are ready, select the 'Sell' tab and the category/sub-category for the goods you want to sell. You then go to the 'Create your listings' page. Make sure you accurately and clearly name and describe your item(s). I'd always recommend having a photograph ready; it helps reassure potential buyers that 'you're on the level'. The photo needs to be either a 'gif' or 'jpeg' file and ideally 300x400 pixels, eBay can/will automatically resize images - but it's best if you edit the picture yourself to ensure it really shows off the item(s) to maximum effect.

The next stage is to determine the selling format. You need to set a starting price for bids and, if you're confident that the item(s) have a minimum retail value, you can set a reserve price - hidden or shown - that must be met or exceeded for a sale to be made. Don't forget that once you've made a sale you'll owe eBay a fee or some commission. Upload the information and wait for all the bids to come in. You may well get some queries from potential customers, be polite and patient with them - one of them might well be the person who buys from you. Finally, you'll automatically be sent the winning bidders email address by eBay, contact them within three days and close the deal.



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วันอังคารที่ 29 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2552

Obtaining Designer Goods On A Budget Online

If you are fashion conscious and are regularly online you may think there are few options on how to obtain designer and other top quality products including clothes, footwear and jewellery.

In fact there are FOUR different ways you can find such goods, so lets look at the ups and downs of each and see which ones are best for your needs, or worth a try.

1. Buy New

Under this method you visit auction or retailers web sites, view products and buy direct. Postage and delivery may be included in the price or extra.

Unless you buy direct from the makers own web sites or known national retailers there is a risk of buying fake and imitation items, at what you may seems as a bargain. A designer pair of shoes which retails for $500 USD on offer as the "genuine" article for $50 can only be fake.

Upside you get NEW, DOWNSIDE is you need MONEY (or credit) and you can overspend far to easily to fuel your needs and desires. It's fine if you are earning 100,000 a year but most are budget conscious and seek bargains and ever lower prices.

2. Buy Used

Auction sites are the biggest source of used goods and offer a vast range of prices, quality and authentic goods - very much a "let the buyer we wary"
especially for big spenders who think they are getting bargains on designer goods, but in reality have been tricked into deals where they pay over the odds for fake or inferior goods.

Many auction sites have a vast stock of offers, changing daily, but require bidding, a task taking several days to see though, only to end up paying a higher price than planned, or miss out to others, better prepared to pay over the odds for unknown quality.

There is little "community spirit" you are either seller - wanting as much as you can for your goods, or buyer wanting top quality, fast delivery as cheap as possible.

3. Direct swap or trade

Under this program you source similar quality and priced used goods and TRADE with another member of the site. New sites of this type with little goods to offer can be time wasting when you are seeking items which are just not listed.

Ideally you need to take the plunge and list YOUR item (usually free to
list) to let other web surfers know what you have on offer BUT more importantly what you NEED before you will swap.

No money changes hands but deals rely on honesty of trading members who simply BOTH agree to send the other their item, any difference in postage is paid one to the other.

The upside is fraud is potentially nil as the fraudsters incentive MONEY just does not exist, and listing costs are either low or based on a single subscription payable monthly, quarterly or annually.

The downside is lack of variety, as it takes a long time for new sites to build a stock of offers, many of which may be long since sold or disposed of by other means, leading to frustration and time wasting for the web surfer.

4. Trade for points

A new breed of web site extends the strategy of the swap site and converts goods on offer and traded to a POINTS VALUE.

In this method users can EARN points and build up a bank of points in various ways, usually

A) free points on joining

B) trade YOUR goods with other members and rack up points based on the points value for each trade

C) BUY points for real money to top up your points "bank" for a desirable "purchase" you see on offer

D) refer new members to the site, and add bonus points

They can then SPEND their points and "BUY" goods on offer

Again as no money changes hands fraud is reduced, offering, potentially at least a better quality of listed offers.

Postage needs to be paid from the "buyer" and this can be agreed prior to trade with the "seller".

As new sites stock of offers can take time to build, but the concept seems to offer many advantages especially for lower value goods where listing fees on traditional auction sites can erode eventual sale prices. Potentially at least this type of site seems to offer and rely on more "community spirit"
and could become a regular place to visit.

Conclusion

You are ultimately ruled by available MONEY - if you are rich you can and will only BUY new from reputable stores and never, ever consider buying another's cast offs. For the majority of folk money is always tight, yet the need to be IN FASHION and LOOK GOOD with an ever changing wardrobe, so the new breed of trading sites could be worth a look, and adding a few offers may help boost them into tomorrows "must use" web sites.



Maurice Clarke is founding owner of http://www.internet-online-privacy.com a free and independent source of information about all aspects of online fraud and personal privacy issues. The site contains articles and web links highlighting the leading privacy issues and suggested preventions and solutions for both personal and business web surfers.

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วันจันทร์ที่ 28 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2552

Overseas Manufacturing and Clearing Goods Through Customs

When importing into a country, there are a number of terms, regulations and procedures an importer should be familiar with. The following is a guide of different issues to be aware of when importing. 

For first time importers, it is highly advisable to pay a customs broker to enter and clear goods through customs. Customs brokers are licensed by the countries in which they operate, and they act on behalf of the importer to file the necessary documents for products to enter a country at the port-of-entry. Depending on their relationship with their client, they may also pay customs duties and other importing expenses on their client's behalf. Finally, they advise importers about issues of which they may need to be aware such as country or origin markings and other issues importers need to be aware of.

When choosing a customs broker, the importer should first make sure they can enter goods at the arrival port. In the U.S., customs brokers are licensed by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Service.

Prior to placing an order with a manufacturer, the respective nation's customs agency and the importer's customs broker should be consulted to avoid possible problems such as the following:


  • Any legal issues that might exist with the product in the country of import.

  • Finding out after the product arrives at port that the it is subject to import quotas.

  • Possible health, safety or other regulations which apply to the product to be imported.
One easy to avoid, but common problem encountered when importing is the failure to mark the product in compliance with country of origin regulations. To avoid this, contact the respective customs agency of the nation where the merchandise will be imported to ensure the goods are in compliance. For example, custom laws in the U.S. require each imported good be marked with the English name of the country of origin (e.g. China) as legibly, indelibly, and permanently as the nature of the article permits. Furthermore, this marking must be visible to the ultimate purchaser of the product.

The tariff rate levied by customs must be paid before the importer can take possession of the goods. While tariff rates in countries like the U.S. average around 5% for most products, they can be significantly higher for some goods, particularly those with higher labor content. Therefore, it is important to know the rate before product arrives at port.

Before the goods are shipped, ensure the packing regulations for the destination country have been adhered. For example, every box, bale or case may need to be numbered with the exact quantity in each.

Other regulations include the type of pallets that can be used.

Problems with customs clearance often center around paperwork. Different goods often require different types of documentation, but the three major types of documentation the shipper must prepare include the following:

1. A bill of lading: This document, issued by the carrier or shipper, is basically a receipt of the goods acknowledging they have been received on the vessel for shipment. This document indicates the particular vessel on which the goods have been placed, the destination of the goods, and the terms for transporting the goods to their final destination.

2. A commercial invoice: This is used as a customs declaration by the entity that is exporting an item across international borders. This document is required by customs to determine the value of the goods to assess duties and taxes, and goods must be invoiced in a systematic manner.

3. Packing list: This document is an itemized detail of the merchandise in a particular shipment. A copy is usually attached to the outside of the shipping container or inside the container itself so the merchandise may be counted by the person opening it.

It is crucial to make sure these documents, and any others that may be needed for a particular shipment, are carefully completed and reviewed before the goods arrive.

To avoid excess storage fees, arrange for a freight forwarder or some other type of transporter to ship the goods to their final destination as soon as they have cleared customs.

Being aware of these points, as well working closely with customs and a customs broker, will make the importing process smoother and will reduce the possibility of unnecessary difficulty or expense.



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วันอาทิตย์ที่ 27 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2552

China Wholesale Electronics

China is one of the most sought after destinations to import goods. All china wholesale goods are of high quality as well as affordable, which makes them an attractive option for a consumer. Today wholesale in china has reached a momentum of its own with a wide variety of goods, especially electronic items being manufactured at a fraction of the regular cost.

Quality uncompromised

If you are an importer then you can be assured that you can receive top quality wholesale electronics products from China. Although the products may get manufactured at extremely low costs it does not imply that the quality has been affected. As an importer it is best advised that you approach china wholesale drop ship agents so as to minimize costs overall. Be sure to avoid any kind of middlemen in the process of buying or importing the products as then prices could work out very steep. Ideally your aim should be to target those sellers in the china wholesale market who will provide you with low cost electronic items so you can resell them in your country at a very low price.

The long term business

Most china wholesale drop ship agents are far more interesting in doing a long term business with you. Hence they will go the extra mile in ensuring you get the best deals and prices for all your wholesale electronics goods. On an average, if you wish to import and resell generic and cheaper electronic items then a dropshipping agent will work best for you.

Stay ahead of competition

One of the good things about buying wholesale in china especially the electronic goods is that you will remain ahead of your direct competitors. It's because most of the latest items will be present in China much before they reach the retail stores in your own country. This way wholesale electronics goods are not only much cheaper in China but also the latest in terms of technology and aesthetic appeal.

Small quantities

Let's say you are a small scale enterprise that has recently started off. You need to purchase a small number of china wholesale electronics goods as opposed to a large scale organization that would need much more. Hence in such cases you can actually approach several china wholesale drop ship agents who will supply you with small quantities of electronic items. Unlike earlier where small scale businesses would be restricted from getting wholesale electronics goods simply because of the lack of lesser quantities, today a world of opportunity has opened up for the small business.



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วันเสาร์ที่ 26 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2552

Buying Cheap Wii Goods Made Easy!

Finding bargains is something which I get a real thrill from - I just love feeling I'm beating the system! Whilst there's lots of sales started in high street stores already this side of Xmas, this year I've come up with some even more fantastic deals on the web.

With Christmas looming, and time running out, I got to trawling through all the Wii online sites (it's too cold to go out to the shops!). I'm mostly looking for good prices for Wii games like the Wii Fit for my family and some cool accessories for stocking fillers like the Wii skins to jazz up controllers and the console (hides the sticky finger marks!). So I find there's some sites which seem to be giving you a bargain until you look at the small print and find the delivery costs are just as much as the goods you're buying. 

So I keep digging around and finally I find a few online sites that allow you to buy Wii consoles, games and accessories at very good prices but they don't sting you for delivery costs as long as you spend over a certain level. These sites are discount sites, but don't think that this is a problem as their products are top quality - it's just their prices which are rock bottom. They look very good, are blissfully easy to use, and best of all, offer a fantastic range of all the top selling Wii games and accessories. 

As I had a bit of a shopping list, I ended up having all my Wii products bought at really cheap prices, and not having to pay anything for getting it delivered. My time spent looking around really paid off so think about going for these discount store as you're in for a treat. You get the top quality products you see on the high street for a fraction of the price, and all without having to leave the house! Check it out yourself - and enjoy stress-free shopping!



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วันศุกร์ที่ 25 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2552

Increase Profits With Affiliate & Distribution Channels For Your Digital Goods

It's a lot of fun and hard work developing digital products, but even the best product can get lost in the crowd. As more and more people create digital products like ebooks, templates and software, it can be hard to get visibility in recruiting new affiliates and an edge in marketplaces. I'm still amazed by how many people are still limiting themselves to just one affiliate or distribution channel, and even more surprised by "experts" who don't even mention other services. Over the years, I've tried and tested a number of different distribution channels. Some were great, some really ... sucked.

There IS more to life than Clickbank!

Unlike Clickbank, a lot of these services are either free, or cost very little to get started with. Don't get me wrong - I've enjoyed Clickbank for many years both as a merchant and an affiliate. It's a great service, but there are other options which are equal and often better. The point is that you don't have to limit yourself to just one and while many of them may seem like they support only software, they actually allow ebooks, templates, and other kinds of digital goods.

So here's my reviews of channels you can use to sell your digital goods to reach a wider audience, gain more affiliates and of course - boost those sales, or not!

PayDotCom.com - http://paydotcom.com/

Similar to Clickbank, PayDotCom offers some impressive features. You can sign up for a free account which lets you sell one products for free, or upgrade for just $29.00 and submit as many products as you want - for life. There is no pre-approval process, handles both digital and tangible goods, gives you instant payments to your Paypal or Stormpay account, plus much more. This service has made the top of my list and I'm sure you'll hear the same thing from many other people as it grows in popularity.

RegSoft.com - http://www.regsoft.com

Another great network offering a huge affiliate network, multiple payment services, and great management options. Your customers can order online through credit card, or offline by fax, phone or mail. If that isn't sweet enough, they'll even let you put your products on CD with just a few clicks. It costs $9.95 to set up an account and they take commissions of $3 to 8.9% of sales. You couldn't ask for a better deal.

RegNow.com - http://www.regnow.com/

Excellent service which has been around as long as I remember and is one of the largest distribution channels on the web with a proven record. With their massive long-running successful affiliate network, great management tools & payment options, this is definitely one site you'll want to check out. There is a sign-up fee of $19.95 and they keep commissions of 6.9% + $1.00 per sale.

Payloadz.com - http://www.payloadz.com/

This popular service offers lots of great features through an easy-to-use control panel, connected to your Paypal account by which you receive payments. Secure & automated file downloading, eBay auction support, Adwords conversion tracking, and more. The affiliate program is their greatest weakness as it is not accessible enough from their website, and products can't easily be searched, with only the top-selling products appearing to be listed. Basically, you'll be getting 98% of your affiliate recruitments through your own website efforts. While this is a great service for managing sales of digital goods, it in itself will not provide the built-in exposure that other networks do.

Plimus.com - http://www.plimus.com/

Similar Regsoft, this is a smaller network but free to get started. They take a commission of anywhere from $0.75 up to 4.5% of sales.

MediaPal - http://www.mediapal.com/

Allows you to sell any kind of digital media including audio files, charging a $0.40 fee on every sale and a delivery fee of $0.01 per megabyte based on the file size, and 10% of the retail price. You can sell products from your website or CD. I joined them a while back, but never bothered doing anything with them because I found their control panel to be clumsy at the time their support for some products was limited. They seem to have come a long way since then, so you might want to give them a try.

Other distribution channels you might want to try that don't offer affiliate program management, but part of a network are listed below:

Lulu.com - http://www.lulu.com/

Lulu is just a darling. Sell not just digital goods throughout their growing network, you can also create and sell your own books and manuals in print! They have many options to choose from and you only pay fees if an item sells (they range depending on product type). This is one of those services that just gets better and better.

SwiftCD.com - http://www.swiftcd.com/

Allows you to create and sell CDs on demand for your products. Prices vary depending on the options you choose, but overall inexpensive.

BuyCreative.com - http://www.buycreative.com

- Offers you a place to buy and sell a variety of multimedia products including illustrations, photography, audio, 3D models, software, plug-ins, and more. While it is free to join and become a vendor, they keep 50% commissions. While this may seem like a lot, you have to put it into perspective - they bring the traffic, handle the sales and deliver the goods to the customer. Another important point is this: 50% of a $29.95 sale is $14.97 and 50% of nothing is $0.00 - so why be picky?

Emetrix.com - http://www.emetrix.com

- Similar to Payloadz.com, they offer free accounts and take a 15% commission per sale. While they do support affiliate programs, it is only through a selection of 3rd parties you must choose from (Shareasale, Clixgalore, MyAffiliateProgram, AffiliateShop, and Commission Junction) and then add to your control panel. Fine if you are a member of these affiliate services, but if not, you should know that they cost money - ranging from under $100 to over $3000.

Qwerks.com - http://www.qwerks.com/

- Probably not worth mentioning, but maybe you'll have better luck with it. I personally didn't see a single sale come through this service for the full year I was testing it. In all fairness though, that was a couple years ago, so they might have more traffic in their network by now.

Even more digital goods distribution networks to look into (which I didn't have time to review and may or may not offer affiliate options) include:

BitPass - http://www.bitpass.com/

eSellerate - http://www.plimus.com/

Leah Merchant - http://www.leahmerchant.com/

TradeBit - http://www.tradebit.com/

PaypalDownloads - http://www.paypaldownloads.com/

Before I forget, here's a tip: Instead of putting all the payment options on one page, creating new pages for each service's unique order link. This will benefit you and maintain good standing with your affiliates.

Good luck with your sales!



Carole Nickerson has been a web developer and internet marketer since 1998. Visit http://www.thenetter.com for more free articles, tips and software.

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วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 24 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2552

Ethics in Advertising

Introduction

Ethics have always been an important aspect of every business activity, although the term has meant different things at different times in different lands to different people. Nonetheless, as ethical concerns are an inseparable element of business, advertising can not ignore them. Sadly, the advertising industry has rarely cared to look beyond immediate marketing objectives. The argument in the industry is that it is the government's job to judge what is right and what is wrong. Shirking its own responsibility for regulation, the industry has belittled business values and agencies have harmed their balance sheets.

For any business, customer is very important, and businessman attempt to communicate to all their target customers using means of communication like advertising and sales promotion. Advertising is a very powerful and most commonly used tool.

Benefits of advertising

• Communication

The organization has to attract the customer and create a market for its products. For this purpose, advertising is the most powerful and widely used tool for communicating message regarding products/services to a large target audience.

• To raise the standard of living

In our developing economy, adverting with its micro and macro level influences, exerts vast and varied influences that have played key role in raising the standards of physical and material well being of the Indian society.

• To make market competitive

In India, one finds many innovations being introduced which has changed the market structure from seller's market, and thus the result is more competitive market conditions.

• Product differentiation

It is a fact that advertising brings about products variety through real and psychological product differentiation.

Critical evaluation of advertising

Though many benefits are achieved through advertisements, the ad message is becoming more and more exaggerated. To achieve competitive advantage, advertising magnifies unimportant differences, resorts to clever, tricky product promises, and claims more and more unbelievable benefits. The customer finds many advertisements as false, deceptive, or misleading. Consumers are uncertain regarding whether or not the performance of a product purchased will in fact meet their needs. If they find that the product lacks in quality, advantage, durability etc., as advertised they might not buy it again, and develop an aversion to every other product of that company.

Unethical advertising

Advertisement is considered unethical in the following situations;

• When it has degraded or underestimated the substitute or rival's product.

• When it gives false or misleading information on the value of the product.

• When it fails to give useful information on the possible reaction or side effects of the product. And

• When it is immoral.

Ways of misleading the consumers

• Many a time, traders entice the customers into their stores by advertising goods at a very low price, but they stock only a handful of such sale items in the store. When the advertised goods are sold out, consumers are steered towards the higher-priced stock or lower quality goods.

Retailers must ensure that reasonable supply of products is available during the sales, and retailers should not purposely avoid it. Retailers should make it clear in the advertisement that how many items on sale are available or when the sale ends.

• Sale offer should be for a limited period. Advertisement should declare that sale offer is for a limited time period. The period of the offer should be made clear in the advertisement only when the advertised goods are available for a limited period or stocks are limited.

• Traders often offer insignificant price reduction. To illustrate, a trader may advertise that the price of product is reduced to Rs.99.95, when the normal selling price is Rs.100.. The trader must include the normal selling price and discounted price in his offer .The trader sale offer is misleading if the trader claims the product is below cost , when the price is not below cost after discounts, rebates and other allowances it is misleading if the trader simply shows a fictitious higher price as normal selling price in the advertisement.

• Advertisement must clearly indicate the total price of goods or services. All price comparison must be truthful and must not intentionally or unintentionally mislead the consumers. Under the Fair Trade Practices Act, retailers have an obligation to ensure that they do not mislead or make false representations to customers with respect to price of the goods. The consumers who shop around and compare the prices of various products are less likely to be deceived by misleading claims consumers should also be aware of what is a reasonable price of goods and not take any advertised discounts at face value.

• While many sales are legitimate or genuine, the consumers should not get attracted to such sales offers i.e., "Hurry...very few days remain for sale''. The consumers should be aware of what to expect when retailers place items on sale and how to avoid being misled by discount advertisements. A marketer should take care to ensure that when goods or services are advertised to be available at a discount or as being on sale, it is a genuine discount or sale.

Remedies to overcome deceptive advertisements

• Cease-and- Desist Orders

The cease-and-desist orders, which prohibit the respondent from engaging any more in deceptive practice, are actually the only formal procedure established by the Federal Trade Commission Act for enforcing the prohibition of ' deceptive acts and practices.''

• Restitution

Restitution means the consumer is compensated for any damage caused to him by the product that had advertised claims not adequately substantiated. Restitution is rarely considered because of its severity.

• Affirmative Disclosures

If an advertisement has provided insufficient information to the consumers, an affirmative disclosure might be issued Affirmative disclosure require 'clear and conspicuous disclosure' of omitted information. Often the involved information relates to the deficiency or limitations of the product or service possibly relating to matters of health or safety.

• Corrective Advertising

Corrective Advertising requires the advertisers to verify past deception by making suitable amendment in any of its future commercial.

Self Regulation in Advertising

It is our responsibility to regulate our operations. And we must do it ourselves. Self regulation is not a quick-fix solution; it will be completely ineffective with out commitment from and the integrity of one and all. Self Regulation may require the following;

• The development of a self-regulatory code of conduct covering all forms of media that is sensitive to ethics, legalities, decency and truthfulness in advertising.

• Provision for monitoring and accountability, including a policy allowing for the removal of ads that violate the code.

• Greater participation of advertising professionals in the regulatory process.

• The inclusion of non-industry players in the process

• Consumer awareness of the self regulation system.

• Simplification of the complaint process against ads.

• Transparency throughout the entire system.

These reforms will achieve three goals. They will make the industry accountable for its actions. They will make regulators and critics think twice before attacking the industry and finally they will lead the public to trust ads, advertisers and agencies.

Conclusion

Reputable companies and advertising agencies avoid telling lies. They realize the cost of being caught. A dent in trust can prove to be much costlier than the failure of an ad campaign or for that matter, even a brand. The challenge before advertisers and agencies is to ensure that ads reflect our values. We must endeavor to see that "advertising" does not remain a dirty word.



Dr.Gomathi Viswanathan

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วันพุธที่ 23 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2552

Trademark Law India

Trade Mark means a registered trade mark or a mark used in relation to goods for the purpose of indicating or so as to indicate a connection in the course of trade between the goods and some person having the right as proprietor to use the mark; and a mark used or proposed to be used in relation to goods for the purpose of indicating or so as to indicate a connection in the course of trade between the goods and some person having the right, either as proprietor or as registered user, to use the mark whether with or without any indication of the identity of that person, and includes a certification trade mark.(See Section 2(v) of the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958)

In other words, a trade mark is a visual symbol in the form of a word, a device, or a label applied to articles of commerce with a view to indicate to the purchasing public that they are the goods manufactured or otherwise dealt in by a particular person as distinguished from similar goods manufactured or dealt in by other persons. A person who sells his goods under a particular trade mark acquires a sort of limited exclusive right to use of the mark in relation to those goods. Such a right acquired by use is recognized as a form of property in the trade mark, and protected under common law. A person can also acquire a similar right over a trade mark, not so far used but only proposed to be used, by registering it under the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958. The law of trade marks is based mainly on two concepts ; distinctiveness and deceptive similarity.

Function of Trade Mark

The function of a trade mark is to give an indication to the purchaser or possible purchaser as to the manufacture or quality of the goods, to give an indication to his eye of the trade source from which the goods come, or the trade hands through which they pass on their way to the market. It tells the person who is about to buy that what is presented to him is either what he has known before under the similar name as coming from a source with which he is acquainted, or that it is what he has heard of before as coming from that similar source. It gives the purchaser a satisfactory assurance of the mark and quality of the article he is buying, the particular quality being not discernible by the eye. It is on the faith of the mark being genuine and representing a quality equal to that which he has previously found a mark may be used to indicate not only that the goods are of a particular maker but are goods of that maker of a particular kind or quality. Thus a trader may indicate his best quality by one trade mark, his second quality by another trade mark and so on.

Under modern business conditions a trade mark performs four functions:

(1) it identifies the product and its origin,

(2) it guarantees its unchanged quality,

(3) it advertises the product, and

(4) it creates an image for the product.

Object of Protecting Trade Mark

With the immense growth in the scale of business, and the advertising that accompanies it, modern customers rarely have that personal knowledge of suppliers which is the hallmark of a village economy. Even so, their interest in source of supply has not in essence changed. Information about origin is only a means towards an end : their main concern is in the quality of what they are buying. In the case of some goods, part of that quality may be bound up with source in a specific way : as for instance, when the goods will need servicing and the manufacturer or supplier is looked to for the services. But in a great may cases source, particularly when indicated by a Cypher such as a product mark or get-up, does not have even this significance. What it does is to enable the purchaser to link goods or services to a range of personal expectations about quality which derive from previous dealings, recommendations of others, attractive advertising and so on. Nor should it be forgotten that, however persuasively the advertiser may seek to promote this sort of symbol, it retains a neutral character in one sense : once a consumer learns that he does not want particular goods, the mark, name or get-up becomes a significant warning signal.

A law protecting marks, names and get-up accordingly, seems unavoidable in a capitalist economy. In various aspects, however, these laws have tended to develop in a manner that may appear to confer power without responsibility. The trade mark owner acquires the all important right to stop imitations of his indication of source, but his own use is conditioned by few limitations of positive requirement. It is perfectly possible for the public to be taught that a box bearing a particular mark and get-up contains 500 gm. of chocolates and then, by discreet expansion of the packaging, to reduce that amount to 475 grams. (See Surya Roshni Ltd. v. Samana Steel Ltd., AIR 1997 Del 321, where plaintiff was held entitled to temporary injunction for protecting its trade mark).

Different forms of Protecting Trade Mark

If the mark is a registrable one the best way to protect it is by registration. Infringement of the mark can be easily established. If the infringing mark is identical and the goods covered by registration, the success in an action for infringement is almost certain unless the registration can be attacked on the ground of invalidity of registration or the defendant could established honest concurrent user, or acquiescence on the part of the registered proprietor, or prior user. If the marks are not identical but only similar then the plaintiff will have to establish that the defendants` mark is deceptively similar, that is to say, the similarity is such as to be likely to deceive or cause confusion which is a proposition not easy to establish. Ultimately the question of similarity is one for the judge to decide on which opinion may often differ.

In the case of unregistered marks and marks which are not registrable the only way they can be protected is by an action for passing off. The plaintiff will have to prove sufficient use of the mark so as to create valuable goodwill of the business connected with the goods bearing the mark.

Property in Trade Mark

Under common law a trader acquires a right of property in a distinctive trade mark merely by using it upon or in relation to some goods irrespective of the length of such user or the extent of his trade. As between two who are each desirous of adopting the same mark it is entirely a question of who gets there first.

Property in a trade mark which is only proposed to be used in relation to some goods can be obtained by registration of the mark under the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958.

There is no right to the exclusive ownership of a trade mark apart from its use or application of it in connection with some vendible commodity. In other words property in a trade mark does not exist in air.



http://www.delhilaw.firm.in/patent_intellectualpropertyright.htm
http://trustman.org/lawfirm/trademark_india.htm
Trustman & Co - A Law Firm at Delhi India for patent, patent PCT application filing real estate Intellectual property right corporate law company formation/ incorporation/ registration international trade trademark real estate debt collection credit report due diligence legal risk business law foreign direct investment approval / permission to set up business/ company legal outsourcing LPO.

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วันอังคารที่ 22 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2552

Changing Your Perception on Handmade Goods

I've been thinking a lot about how some customers and people in general perceive handmade items. It's an interesting topic, because I myself have always thought of handmade goods as something special, something unique, something to be coveted.

I've always been crafting on some level, and often give away handmade gifts at holidays. These gifts have always won far more appreciation from the recipient than something that is mass produced.

I figured everyone else thought this way, too. Until I started selling my jewelry.

The impetus for my chewing on this topic was a recent comment I received when someone reviewed my Etsy shop site. She said "I can't believe this beautiful jewelry is handcrafted. Nice site beautiful selection..." Hmm.

Don't get me wrong, I'm happy to receive the compliment. Very happy! However, the idea of "I can't believe this beautiful jewelry is handcrafted" has been sticking in my brain. Why do people have this perception that handcrafted translates into junky? I've seen this time and time again.

A girlfriend's husband, a few years ago, mentioned that she was dragging him to a "crap show". I asked him what he meant by it (I'd never HEARD of a CRAP show before!) and he said. "Oh ha ha.. you know, a craft show." I laughed it off but will always remember it.

I've heard several, dozens of stories about people selling at craft shows and overhearing comments like "Nice, but I can get the same thing so much cheaper at fill in the blank retailer".

The answer to this is yes, you can get a better price. But you won't be getting the same thing. You forfeit quality in materials and craftsmanship. You forfeit your chance to support a local business person, to say no to mass produced items that are often made in poor working environments paying bad wages to the workers. You often forfeit the opportunity to own a completely unique piece of art, clothing or jewelry. You forfeit a true human connection to the artisan that made the item with their own two hands. In my eyes, that's a lot to give up.

It's very funny to me, not only because I make quality handcrafted items that I believe seriously rival anything you could buy that has been mass produced. My jewelry has gotten high marks from my clientele for originality and durability. You truly do get what you pay for. It's funny to me because people seem to perceive the things they buy that have been mass manufactured to be somehow magically formed in a cauldron somewhere. If you would stop to think for just a moment about where the items you buy off the shelves of WalMart, Target and the like may come from their perception may change entirely. Most things are handcrafted. It's just a matter of this: in what fashion? under what circumstances? at the expense of whom? who stands to gain from my purchase?

Ask yourself: Do you want to purchase assembly line items that are exploitative and sometimes poorly crafted with poor materials (lead, in some cases)? Or, do you want to know where your purchases come from, have a friendly conversation with the person that actually laid their hands on the raw materials and whipped up a thing of beauty just for you. I promise you if you stop to think about it just a little bit every day, your entire world could change. For the better.

Think about this when you shop, think about it during the upcoming holiday season. You know the saying "Think globally, act locally." Try to think of this whenever you shop for yourself, shop for a gift, or during the holiday season. Whether you're shopping online, seeking out local retailers or attending a craft fair. Where do you really want your hard earned dollar to go?



Jessica
- Liebling Designs
http://www.lieblingdesigns.etsy.com
http://www.lieblingartcrafts.wordpress.com

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วันจันทร์ที่ 21 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2552

Trademarks in India: Law & Procedure

Legislation

The Indian law of trademarks is enshrined in the Trade Marks Act, 1999. The Act seeks to provide for the registration of trademarks relating to goods and services in India. The rights granted under the Act, are operative in the whole of india.

What is a Trademark

A TRADEMARK is a word, phrase, symbol or design, or combination of words, phrases, symbols or designs is used in the course of trade which identifies and distinguishes the source of the goods or services of one enterprise from those of others. A SERVICE MARK is the same as a trademark except that it identifies and distinguishes the source of a service rather than a product. Normally, a mark for goods appears on the product or on its packaging, while a service mark appears in advertising for the services.

A trademark is different from a copyright or a patent or geographical indication. A copyright protects an original artistic or literary work; a patent protects an invention whereas a geographical indication is used to identify goods having special characteristics originating from a definite territory.

Classification of Goods and Services*

Almost all jurisdictions including India employ a classification system in which goods and services have been grouped into classes for registration. Most countries follow the same classification system, namely the International Classification of Goods and Services, which consists of 34 classes of goods and 8 classes of services. (The WIPO recently revised the Nice Classification, adding three service classes (43, 44, 45) and restructuring Class 42, retaining certain services. This provision has not yet been implemented in India).

For example, printed matter, newspaper and periodicals are classified in Class 16 while services in the field of publication comes under Class 41. Time Incorporated, USA is the registered proprietor of the trademark “TIME” in about 150 countries.

Rights conferred by registration

The registration of a trademark confers on the registered proprietor of the trademark the exclusive right to use the trademark in relation to the goods or services in respect of which the trademark is registered. While registration of a trademark is not compulsory it offers better legal protection for action for infringement.

Who Can Apply For A Trademark

Any person can apply for registration of a trademark to the Trademark Registry under whose jurisdiction the principal place of the business of the applicant in India falls. In case of a company about to be formed, anyone may apply in his name for subsequent assignment of the registration in the company's favor.

Trademark Search

Before making an application for registration it is prudent to make an inspection of the already registered trademarks to ensure that registration may not be denied in view of resemblance of the proposed mark to an existing one or prohibited one.

Filing and Prosecuting Trademark Applications

An application for trademark may be made on Form TM-1 with prescribed fee of Rs. 2500/- at one of the five office of the Trade Marks Registry located at Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Ahmedabad depending on the place where the applicant resides or has his principle place of business. The application is examined to ascertain whether it is distinctive and does not conflict with existing registered or pending trademarks and examination report issued. If it is found be acceptable then it is advertised in the Trade Marks Journal to allow others to oppose the registration. If there is no opposition or if the opposition is decided in favour of the applicant then the mark is registered and a certificate of registration is issued. If the applicant's response does not overcome all objections, the Registrar will issue a final refusal. The applicant may then appeal to the Intellectual Property Appellate Board, an administrative tribunal.

A common ground for refusal is likelihood of confusion between the applicant's mark with registered mark or pending prior mark. Marks, which are merely descriptive in relation to the applicant's goods or services, or a feature of the goods or services, may also be refused registration. Marks consisting of geographic terms or surnames may also be refused. Marks may be refused for other reasons as well.

Duration of a Trademark

The term of a trademark registration is for a period of ten years. The renewal is possible for further period of 10 years each. Unlike patents, copyrights or industrial design trademark rights can last indefinitely if the owner continues to use the mark. However, if a registered trademark is not renewed, it is liable to be removed from the register.

Use of the "TM," "SM" and "(R)" Symbols

Anyone who claims rights in a mark can use the TM (trademark) or SM (service mark) designation with the mark to alert the public of the claim. It is not necessary to have a registration, or even a pending application, to use these designations. The claim may or may not be valid. The registration symbol, (R), may only be used when the mark is registered.

Remedies For Infringement And Passing-Off

Two types of remedies are available to the owner of a trademark for unauthorized use of his or her mark or its imitation by a third party. These remedies are: - ‘an action for infringement' in case of a registered trademark and ‘an action for passing off*' in the case of an unregistered trademark.

The basic difference between an infringement action and an action for passing off is that the former is a statutory remedy and the latter is a common law remedy. Accordingly, in order to establish infringement with regard to a registered trademark, it is necessary only to establish that the infringing mark is identical or deceptively similar to the registered mark and no further proof is required. In the case of a passing off action, proving that the marks are identical or deceptively similar alone is not sufficient. The use of the mark should be likely to deceive or cause confusion. Further, in a passing off action it is necessary to prove that the use of the trademark by the defendant is likely to cause injury or damage to the plaintiff’s goodwill, whereas in an infringement suit, the use of the mark by the defendant need not cause any injury to the plaintiff.

However, the registration cannot upstage a prior consistent user of trademark in India, for the rule followed is ‘priority in adoption prevails over priority in registration`. In many other jurisdictions like Saudi Arabia, Nepal etc. where the first party to register a trademark is considered the party to own the mark, regardless of prior use of the mark.

*Passing off originated with the tort of deceit. The doctrine is based on the principle that one trader is not to sell his goods under the pretence that they are the goods of another trader. Historically, marketplace has been concerned with guaranteeing consumers the quality of goods that they had come to rely upon in the course of trade. To further that guarantee, the common law developed the tort of passing off, which helped to assure that a person was representing his goods as being his and not the goods of someone else.

Safeguards to be taken by the proprietor of a registered trade mark to protect his rights: -

The proprietor should use and renew the trademark regularly and in time. If the trademark is misused by others he should file a suit for infringement and passing off and also take criminal action.

The proprietor should keep a watch in respect of trademarks published in the Trade Marks Journal and institute opposition proceedings if identical or deceptively similar trademarks are advertised. He should initiate rectification proceedings if an identical or deceptively similar trademark is registered.

Use Of Trademarks In Foreign Countries

Trademark rights are granted on a country-by-country basis. An Indian registration provides protection only in India and its territories. If the owner of a mark wishes to protect a mark in other countries, the owner must seek protection in each country separately under the relevant laws.

International trademark protection

There is no system as yet wherein a single trademark application is sufficient to protect the trademark right internationally. However, Paris convention* provides certain privileges to member countries in trademark registration. A party that files their first trademark application in a member state of the Convention, such as India, can within six months of that filing date file applications in other member countries claiming the priority of the first application. If such a trademark is accepted for registration it will be deemed to have registered from the same date on which the application is made in the home country.

It is also possible to utilize multinational filing systems in certain regions in order to obtain trademark protection. For example, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg have a single trademark registry, commonly referred to as the Benelux Trademark Register. The European Union consisting of 15 countries has adopted its own trademark system, known as the Community Trademark. The African Organization for Intellectual Property (OAPI), a group of African nations, have replaced their national trademark offices with a common trademark office which offers a single trademark registration valid in all of the member states.

Almost all countries have trademark offices in which applications may be filed. Therefore, when contemplating trademark protection in various countries, it is most helpful to start with a list of countries where registered trademark protection is available. Deciding where to register a trademark involves various considerations. Countries where a trademark is currently in use, but prior use of trademark is not recognized, should be the first to be considered for seeking registered protection. If commencing use shortly or expanding use to other countries within a few years, then such countries should also be included. The last group of countries should be those have a history of unauthorized registration of other's trademarks.

* Paris Convention is the most basic and important multilateral convention relating to intellectual property, including trademarks, of which India is a member. It defined the meaning and scope of industrial property rights protection and established basic principles and rules.



P.M. George Kutty Attorney at Law of http://www.pmgip.com

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วันอาทิตย์ที่ 20 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2552

10 Reasons To Sell Vintage Antiques & Used Goods On eBay

Consider used, old, antique and vintage items when you are wondering what items you can sell on eBay or another auction website to supplement your income or even create a core selling career. Try not to think of selling new goods using a wholesaler or drop shipper. The best margins are consistently achieved through the sale of used, old, antique and vintage items. There are a number of reasons for this.

1. Buyer interest.

Buyers know they can get new goods on specialized websites. They like to look for unusual, secondhand or even antique and rare articles on auction websites such as eBay. After all, prior to the internet auctions were where all the best bargains were to be found. Buyers still believe it.

2. Rarity.

By definition a vintage, antique or used item is more scarce supply than one which is new. Anything from an old refrigerator to an antique bible is most likely going to be uniquely listed. That is good news for searches. Your item won't be buried among hundreds identical products.

3. Premium price.

If something is scarce then you can demand a lot of money for it, mostly quite out of proportion to its intrinsic value. You are selling a perception of value, and that can be quite profitable.

4. Ease of sourcing.

There is a lot of junk in the world, some of it high-class and a lot of it that is, well, just junk. Nonetheless a large proportion of it is salable. As long as you are in a town or city it will be easy to source vintage, antique and used items.

5. Stock affordability.

Junk comes at low prices. Very often people clearing attics, basements and garages are willing to pay you to take it away! As long as you have a place to store it, you can get it cheap.

6. Selling for a third party. If someone has an old oak wardrobe or an antique brass bed to sell but you don't want to buy it out of hand, you can sell it on their behalf. In other words, you get "free" stock and take a cut of the proceedings.

7. Money from your camera.

If you decide to sell antique or vintage items you will probably not own all of them, to start with anyway. By taking pictures of such items in shops or at people's homes you can make money from your camera by placing ads for their items on eBay and taking a commission.

8. Profitability.

A particular out-of-print book, a certain postage stamp or even the fender of a vintage car has a value to the buyer that is very different from that of the seller. Mostly the seller just wants to get rid of it, whereas the buyer is generally prepared to pay a high price for it. That is why dealing in used goods can be so profitable.

9. Interest.

By specializing in a certain area of vintage, antique goods used online a seller can build up specialized knowledge in that particular field. Very often this can lead to an eBay seller starting a brick and mortar store to compliment his or her estore!

10. Low turnover.

Selling new goods such as apparel, electronic equipment, cell phones is a high turnover business, subject to the vagaries of the market and changing fashions. Antique, vintage or used items will always be that. They can stay listed until they are sold.



Jenny How is a full time eBay Powerseller. She has been earning a living from eBay since 3 years ago after a surgery which left her with facial paralysis. She publishes free eBay tips and practical guides on how to sell on eBay. More in depth articles and tips posted at her site http://www.jennyhow.com

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วันเสาร์ที่ 19 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2552

Why Shop For Designer Goods Online?

You shop for designer goods for many reasons -you shop because you are happy; you shop because you are sad; and you shop for any other reason. And if you are reading this now, it means that you are ready to take shopping to the next level - online shopping! Need reasons for the why shop for designer goods online question? Read on.

Great Company

You will be part of the elite group of well-off individuals who regularly shop online. Indeed, the question of why shop for designer goods online quickly becomes moot when you are in great company!

And there are great designer companies online! Prada, Coach, YSL, Bottega, Chanel - you name them, the Internet has them. Why shop for designer goods online? Because every designer goods you love are there for the taking!

Convenience and Comfort

If you need the top reason why shop for designer goods online, then this is it! You can choose from among a wide selection of designer goods in the comfort of your own home, even when you are in your lingerie sipping hot coffee. It certainly beats walking seemingly endless miles in your 4-inch spiked heels in the pursuit of the perfect handbag!

You will definitely appreciate the invention of the mouse when pondering the question of why shop for designer goods online. Imagine shopping with your fingers! Your feet will appreciate the rest, don't you think?

Gratis Shipping

As one satisfied customer attested, free shipping is a source of infatuation. "Why pay when you can have it gratis?" is closely related to "Why shop for designer goods online?" simply because this is one amenity you could always have when shopping online.

And the best deal yet? You get your designer goods on the overnight express! Yet another excellent reason to the growing list of reasons as to why shop for designer goods online, don't you think?

Adieu to Sales Tax

The query of why shop for designer goods online is easily answered for the spendthrift who loves designer goods - no sales tax! You will be paying less for the same designer product since the sales tax is free in most states for online shopping.

Satisfaction Guaranteed or Your Money Back

You would ask why shop for designer goods online when brick-and-mortar stores offers the same guarantee. For one thing, your money is deposited directly to your bank account. For another, you can track the status of your complaints online.

Still, when considering the matter of why shop for designer goods online, you have to ensure that you buy only from online sellers with a money back guarantee, whether in authorized sellers sites or the designers' websites. Always protect yourself.

Fantastic Customer Service

Lest you doubt the abovementioned reasons as to why shop for designer goods online for the lack of personalized customer service, think again. You have the available services of online customer service representatives who will answer your questions via chat and e-mail.

You can ask questions and receive answers quickly from very polite customer service representatives, which definitely beat having to endure the behind-your-back brickbats of snotty sales representatives who follow you like you intend to do a Winona Ryder on them. So, why shop for designer goods online? Because you can be as grouchy as you want! Then again, be nice.

Privacy Guaranteed, Safe and Secure

Yet another good answer for the question of "Why shop for designer goods online?" is the fact that your privacy is guaranteed. Unless of course, you are a paparazzi-hungry F-Lister or the celebrity endorser of the brand, in which case shopping online is the second-best option.

Your credit card details are safe online when you know what features to look for. The site should specify the security measures in place such as a 128-bit SSL encryption technology and the little key icon. Better yet, inquire with the Better Business Bureau.

Social Networking

Did you know that sites also offer social networking for their clients? You can compare notes with fellow shopaholics, get bargain tips, be referred to reliable sites, and make new friends! Your present question of "Why shop for designer goods online?" will be turned into "Why ever not?"

And the best reason why shop for designer goods online? Because you have more time on your hands and with time being as precious as it is, you can certainly afford to do your shopping in your workout attire! Absolutely, shopping at its multi-tasking best!



Why shop for designer goods online? Because you can score fab finds and excellent style tips without ever having to leave your seat!

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วันศุกร์ที่ 18 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2552

Finding Good Deals on Sporting Goods

The Internet is truly one of the best accomplishments developed in recent times. It allow communication to occur on a near instantaneous level despite great distances separating the participants. This helps foster a feeling of friendship and mutual connections that unite the world. Enough hippie talk though. It can also help you get a bunch of stuff for really cheap prices.

The Internet has certainly done a lot when it comes to commerce. It made it possible for wholesalers to market their goods effectively across great distances. This is a great victory for both sides. Consumers are able to get what they need for a good price and the companies can cut out a relatively unnecessary middleman. This is particularly present when you examine the world of sporting goods.

Cheap baseball equipment is particularly prevalent online. That's particularly because bats, gloves and baseballs are so easy to ship. Throw in the shoes and you are almost ready to go. It also became popular because many small teams and clubs needed a way to get their equipment without paying an arm and a leg to the local sporting goods store. Various virtual stores were quick to answer the demand and provide great equipment at a price that just about anyone could afford.

Baseball isn't the only cheap sporting good online though. Somethings that are more specialty were quick to grab the spotlight. This included mongoose BMX bikes. These types of bikes are naturally geared to a little audience, so it only makes sense that a few good stores lined up to deliver these special pieces of equipment to the masses. Any BMX bike is really geared toward the specialty online store. These venues can usually save money by cutting down on overhead while also getting good deals from bulk. It's another win-win with a nice twist.

The other is certainly a more specific aspect of sporting goods. Spalding basketball hoops have several suppliers online. This one really makes sense. Why drive to a store and pay a bunch of middleman fees, when they are just going to deliver the big thing to your home and drop it off. It makes more sense to just buy it at a discount price from an online vendor. You are going to get the same level of service at a greatly reduced price. It's a no-brainer.

These are just some of the great discounts available for sporting goods. The Internet is quickly expanding to cover every possible niche. If there's a sport, I'm sure that someone has discount equipment somewhere.



Caitlina Fuller is a freelance writer. Somethings that are more specialty were quick to grab the spotlight. This included mongoose BMX bikes. These types of bikes are naturally geared to a little audience, so it only makes sense that a few good stores lined up to deliver these special pieces of equipment to the masses. Spalding basketball hoops have several suppliers online.

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วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 17 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2552

How to Plan an Affordable Funeral

This article teaches you how to plan an affordable funeral. With the typical funeral now costing more than the price of a good used car, many families need help making more affordable funeral (and cremation) arrangement

Affordable Funeral Costs vs. Typical Funeral Costs

Most American funerals now cost between $8,000 and $10,000. Unfortunately, as baby boomers age, demand for funeral services will grow and drive funeral prices up even further. Some experts predict that within three years the average traditional funeral will cost nearly $12,000.

Fortunately, with a little planning you can realistically cut out-of-pocket funeral expenses in half. This means you can save between $4,000 and $5,000 when planning a traditional funeral service or between $1,500 and $3,000 when planning a standard cremation service.

Why It's Hard to Plan an Affordable Funeral

Even though many people complain about funeral prices, the cost of cremating or burying a loved one continues to increase every year. Before we identify the things you can do to plan a more affordable funeral or cremation service, it may be helpful to discuss why funerals are so expensive.

First, a few facts about funeral homes:

• funeral homes (and many cemeteries) are in business to make a profit

• many funeral homes are now owned by large global corporations

• the more things they can sell you, the more profit they make

• the income for many funeral directors now comes entirely from sales commissions

Unfortunately, most people have no idea what funeral goods and services are required when a loved one dies, nor do they know what those goods and services should cost, so they end up buying whatever the funeral director recommends. Funeral directors know this, so they simply don't tell families about less expensive options.

While there isn't anything wrong with running a profitable business, many funeral homes achieve their above-average profits by misleading weary and grieving consumers. Unfortunately, when it comes to funerals, it is easy to mislead consumers.

Until recently most funeral planning information came directly from funeral directors. This meant the only information available to families was what they were told by the very people trying to sell them something.

Unfortunately, many funeral homes only provide information about their most expensive options, so families have little objective information to consider when making final arrangements. Simply put: the majority of families don't know how to find more reasonably priced options.

But here is some good news: the Internet is making it possible for resources such as the [Funeral Saver's Kit] to provide families with objective, accurate information that can help them make affordable funeral and cremation arrangements. In fact, much of the information contained in this article comes from the Funeral Saver's Kit.

How to Plan a More Affordable Funeral

Fortunately funeral planning is one area in which a little education makes a big difference. There are several things you can do that will help you plan a more affordable funeral or cremation service. Here are three basic strategies:

• Choose a low-priced funeral home

• Choose reasonably priced goods and services

• Don't be afraid to negotiate
 
Choosing a low-priced funeral home

While most funeral homes offer similar services, they often price their services differently. For example, Funeral Home A might charge a large fee for the funeral director's time and add a small markup on the price of a casket; while Funeral Home B might charge a smaller fee for the funeral director's time, but then make up for it by charging a much higher price for the casket.

Because you are now legally allowed to purchase your own casket from the Internet, funeral home B will usually be willing to discount the price of their casket in exchange for your business. The combination of Funeral Home B's lower fee for the funeral director's time and the reduced price of their casket can save you thousands in unnecessary expenses.

Unfortunately, most families do not know which funeral homes in their area offer the lowest prices for the funeral director's time. That's where resources like the Funeral Saver's Kit come into play. You can use the Funeral Saver's Kit to find the funeral homes in your area that offer the lowest prices for the funeral director's time. The kit also shows you how to obtain a large discount on any model of casket.

Choose reasonably priced goods and services

Most families have no idea what funeral goods and services cost, nor do they have any idea how large the funeral director's markup is on the goods and services they buy. It is common for funeral homes to markup the cost of their goods by 300% to 500%. These markups can add thousands of dollars to the funeral home's bill.

Consumers can be richly rewarded with substantial savings by understanding which funeral goods and services are required and knowing how much those goods and services cost the funeral home.

Once you know which goods and services are required - and how much they should cost - you are in position to make appropriate choices based on your family's preferences and budget. You can consult the Funeral Saver's Kit for a detailed listing of legal requirements and prices pertaining to all funeral and cemetery goods and services.

A key to affordable funeral planning is understanding how the service you select impacts the overall price of the funeral. For example, choosing body burial as a means of final disposition means you will have to purchase a casket, outer burial container, cemetery space, and a headstone.

This means that simply agreeing with the funeral director when he suggest a "traditional" funeral can result in thousands of dollars in additional expenses. Alternatively, choosing cremation - or a different type of funeral service - can eliminate many of these "add on" expenses.

However, you can no longer assume cremation will be less expensive than body burial. Over the last few years a new trend has been emerging in the funeral industry: more families are choosing cremation in lieu of a full-blown funeral. In response to this trend, many funeral homes have raised prices for their cremation services in an attempt to protect their profit margins.

While cremation can still eliminate many cemetery-related expenses, a large portion of the savings previously enjoyed when choosing cremation are now eaten up by additional funeral home expenses - so it pays to understand what you are getting for your money. Again, a resource such as the Funeral Saver's Kit makes it easy to understand all of this so there are no surprises.

Don't be afraid to negotiate

The death of a loved one is one of the most stressful situations any of us will ever encounter. Not only do we have to deal with the emotional baggage and grieving that's a normal part of losing a loved one, but we are forced to square off against a well polished funeral home employee working toward a large sales commission.

And because most families do not want to look cheap when making funeral arrangements for a loved one, they end up paying the funeral home's "sticker price" for the goods and services they are sold.

However, because funeral home goods and services include substantial markups, there is plenty of room for educated consumers to obtain legitimate discounts. Many times the funeral home can easily cut their prices in half and still make a substantial profit off of the family's funeral.

Unfortunately, most families are reluctant - and lack the necessary information needed - to negotiate an appropriate discount on a funeral service. The key is in understanding how the funeral home's prices compare to their costs. Any funeral good or service that is marked up by hundreds (or thousands) of dollars is ripe for a discount.

Don't be afraid to tell the funeral director you will purchase certain funeral goods from another supplier instead of buying them from the funeral home. Because the funeral director realizes you can buy many of his goods much cheaper somewhere else, he will be ready and willing to offer a knowledgeable family a substantial discount off of his list prices in order to keep their business.

You can find a list of reputable Internet suppliers in the appendix to the Funeral Saver's Kit. The kit includes a report card that rates the relative quality, prices, and selection of leading online funeral suppliers. It also includes a detailed listing of the markups applied to common funeral items.)

The need for more affordable funeral options....

As the baby boomer generation reaches retirement age, demand for funeral goods and services will outstrip the ability of funeral homes to provide those goods and services. Unfortunately, this means that funeral prices will increase by a substantial amount over the next two decades.

Fortunately, technology and the Internet have made it easier for families to beat the funeral homes at their own game. Consumer-friendly funeral planning tools, such as the Funeral Saver's Kit, are saving families thousands of dollars in unnecessary expenses and helping them make more affordable funeral arrangements.



Michael Testa, CPA, CFP
Funeral Expense Expert

http://funeral-tips.com/

...the web's most popular site for money-saving funeral tips.

Learn how to reduce and control runaway funeral costs by visiting http://funeral-tips.com/planning-a-funeral-with-the-funeral-savers-kit/

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วันพุธที่ 16 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2552

Why Aren't You Using Environmentally Friendly Goods and Services?

When was the last time you used environmentally friendly goods and services? If it has been awhile or if you have never used them, it is your responsibility to maintain the ecological balance and care of Mother Nature. In order to make sure that these products are actually good for the environment, standards are being placed on them by the international community.

The environmentally friendly goods and services that are available are made of or use natural resources and as a result are safe for nature. Also, the use of recycled products are helping to conserve natural resources and thus they are not being used or wasted in the production process for goods and services.

The companies that are engaged in the production of environmentally friendly commodities are constantly using eco-friendly means to produce their products. Due to this process, the need to dispose of waste material is almost nil which helps to keep pollutants out of the environment. Therefore, it is crucial that you buy these types of products from these companies as well as encourage others to due the same since it is beneficial to nature.

Since pollution leads to negative climate change, you along with every individual must do what they can to help limit the amount of gases that are being released into the atmosphere. Nothing is better at doing this than using environmentally friendly goods and services.

You can learn more about nature conservation through the processes that companies use to produce environmentally safe goods and services. A special mention can be made about the food industry where the environmental attentiveness is gradually increasing. Production of foodstuffs through environmentally friendly means is becoming more and more important. Countries in Europe, USA, Asia, and Australia are taking active participation in manufacturing of environmentally friendly commodities at reasonable rates. Now, do yourself a favor and learn what you can do to help protect Earth and being to use environmentally friendly goods and services.



Are you worried about the environmental future of our great planet? Are you doing your part to help and make sure that the air we breath and the water we drink will be safe for your children and grandchildren? In order to receive a Free 7-part e-course that will help you to discover how to accomplish these things please visit: Environmentally Friendly Secrets.com Here you will learn the things that you can do on a personal level to help preserve the environment. Don't wait any longer. Start your journey to help protect mother Earth today by visiting: Environmentally Friendly Secrets.com

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วันอังคารที่ 15 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2552

Online Military Surplus Auctions

Military surplus stores and auctions have been around for some time now but only in recent years have risen in popularity through online auctions. They are convenient and allow you to bid on all types of military goods and memorabilia from the privacy of your own home without the "hustle and bustle" of a live auction. For those of you who don't know, army/navy surplus stores sell or hold auctions for military goods and equipment that are no longer able to be used by our military because they have been replaced by newer models or that simply no longer meet the military's demanding technology and other specifications.

Some of you might be curious as to what military items are auctioned off online. If you're only thinking about weapons and munitions then you definitely have the wrong idea, although rarely they are also auctioned off, but at live military surplus auctions rather than online ones. Generally the online auctions sell items such as camping equipment (tents, sleeping bags), tools, equipment, parts, clothing (mainly jackets and shirts), and even helmets and field gear (compasses, belts, backpacks.) If you are looking for rarer perhaps even valuable military goods and memorabilia then attending live auctions, or physically going to Army/nay surplus stores would be your best bet. But, if you're looking to get a new tent for camping or a wicked vintage army shirt then checking out an online military surplus auction would be a good choice for you.

Now you're probably curious as to why these perfectly items that once served a valuable purpose for our nation's armed forces are now being auctioned off to the general public for a fraction of what the army/navy (or other DOD division) had originally paid for them. There are a couple of reasons as to why this is the case. The first reason is simple: military goods that have been classified as surplus are ones that may be becoming too old or obsolete for our military's current use.. Tents, sleeping bags, and clothing all experience wear and tear and it's only a matter of time before the military deems the items unfit for official use.

The second reason for the surplus auctions is also quite simple: technology advancement. For many of these items sold as surplus, there have been new ones with modified technology for today's military use on the market. For example, military sleeping bags from the 1980s are very different from the ones the military uses today. They could be made from a different fabric, might be designed differently, and today are able to withstand colder and hotter temperatures. Note that this applies to instruments used in the field as well, and not only to tents and military issue clothing. In shorts, basically the reason why military surplus goods items are such bargains online is that the military need to keep our armed forces modernized and supplied with cutting edge technology is your gain!



There are many websites that specialize in providing information about these online military surplus auctions. One such website that really stuck out among the rest was GovernmentAuctions.org. We were amazed by just how many listings there were within their online database. The great thing about the site is that you can browse online surplus auctions that will ship out goods to anywhere in the U.S. They even allow for pickup if you live close enough to the item. If you think that's cool, they even provide you with military surplus info for the live auctions. For the most comprehensive military surplus auction information on the net GovernmentAuctions.org is definitely a site worth checking out.

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วันจันทร์ที่ 14 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2552

Procurement Procedures

Procurement is the purchase of goods or merchandise by a business, association, organization, or an individual. This simply means buying supplies from suppliers at the lowest possible price. The best way of doing this is to let the suppliers contend with each other so that the investment costs of the buyer are kept at a minimum.

Procurement more often than not involves a bidding process in which the bidders or vendors quote their prices and the purchasers agree to the lowest possible bid. This is the most proficient and gainful manner of obtaining supplies or services if the quality of the goods meets the buyers' conditions.

The procedure of procurement usually commences when the purchaser starts to look for bidders in the market. After discovering the suppliers, a request is made for bids, proposals, quotes, and information. However, direct contact with bidders can also be made as an alternative for advertising all the above requests.

After choosing the suitable bidders, a quality check is necessary to verify the quality of the goods. The next step would be negotiation of the terms, conditions, and delivery schedules. Logistics and fees are the next two most important processes that decide the safe delivery and the payoff of the goods.

The procurement process can be divided into two parts, namely indirect procurement and direct procurement. Indirect procurement is that which deals with operational goods and direct procurement deals with the acquisition of goods that are considered raw material for the company's manufacturing process.

The procurement procedure can differ depending on the merchandise and the uses of the product. Equipment needed for healthcare and other important industries need to be efficient and dependable and the procurement process is carried out carefully in order to shun the purchase of defective apparatus. Another important factor that usually influences the procurement procedure is the quantity in which the product is bought.

The procedure for acquiring goods may differ according to the product, price, availability, and market trends.



Procurement provides detailed information on Procurement, Procurement Software, E Procurement Solutions, Procurement Management and more. Procurement is affiliated with India Offshore Outsourcing.

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วันอาทิตย์ที่ 13 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2552

Trademark International Classes - Class 3 (Cosmetics and Cleaning Preparations)

All goods or services are categorized within International Classes (IC hereafter). Goods run from classes IC 1-34, while Services are in IC 35-45. Let's take a closer look at one of these trademark classes - class 3.

What is International Class 3 All About?

Each class has a short title heading that gives a snapshot of what that class is all about -- IC 3's short title is cosmetics and cleaning preparations. But, as with anything trademark, there's more to it than that. The USPTO has 995 accepted descriptions that fit into IC 3.

Cosmetics of almost all kinds are to be listed in class 3. Now this includes cosmetics in the truest sense of the word (e.g. mascara, lipstick, etc.) but also includes lotions, creams, shampoo & conditioner, perfumes, etc. Basically any non-medicated liquid, creams, powder, gel, etc. that you can apply to your body is going to be in class 3. The one exception to the non-medicated rule is, for some reason, soaps. Soaps whether they're medicated or not fall into class 3. Cosmetic items for your animal friends - pet shampoos, pet odor removers - are also in class 3.

Cleaning preparations include soaps, be they for your body or your dishes, waxes, polishes, detergents, varnishes, removers, etc.

What Else is in International Class 3?

Seems like with any of these trademark classes, there always seems to be the oddball item or two and IC 3 is no exception. Here's a few items living in IC 3 that seem a bit weird:

• sandpaper
ambergris
beauty beverages
• fake blood
• temporary tattoo sprays & stencils

How do I file a Trademark in International Class 3?

Let's assume you've had your comprehensive research conducted and are now at the application stage. The folks preparing your application should help you with compiling a list but here are some guidelines that should help expedite the whole thing.

1) Be specific. For instance, if you're selling a wax indicate what it's used for - the face, body, a car, furniture, etc. If you're selling a line of cosmetics, take the time to really think on your brand and detail all of the items.

2) Stay away from words like products, items, materials, goods, etc.

3) Don't be specific. Whoa, what? Yes, I know this is contradictory and really this is one of those trademark classes that have contradictions in it. One of the USPTO's approved descriptions for this class is "Cosmetic preparations," which is general as general can be, right? This is where your research & any advice from a trademark attorney is going to come into handy. It may be advisable to use such a generic term to allow freedom of movement within your filing. Again, this is all going to depend on two things - the results of your comprehensive research and what a trademark attorney recommends.



Shannon Moore is the General Manager for TradeMark Express. Since 1992, TradeMark Express has met the needs of their clients with comprehensive research, application preparation, attorney referrals and trademark consultation. For further details, please visit us on the web at TradeMark Express or call Shannon directly at 800.340.2010.

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