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Trading and Profit and Loss Account

2009-12-05T06:50:00.001-08:00

Trading Account

As already discussed, first section of trading and profit and loss account is called trading account. The aim of preparing trading account is to find out gross profit or gross loss while that of second section is to find out net profit or net loss.

Preparation of Trading Account

Trading account is prepared mainly to know the profitability of the goods bought (or manufactured) sold by the businessman. The difference between selling price and cost of goods sold is the,5 earning of the businessman. Thus in order to calculate the gross earning, it is necessary to know:

(a) cost of goods sold.

(b) sales.

Total sales can be ascertained from the sales ledger. The cost of goods sold is, however, calculated. n order to calculate the cost of sales it is necessary to know its meaning. The 'cost of goods' includes the purchase price of the goods plus expenses relating to purchase of goods and brining the goods to the place of business. In order to calculate the cost of goods " we should deduct from the total cost of goods purchased the cost of goods in hand. We can study this phenomenon with the help of following formula:

Opening stock + cost of purchases - closing stock = cost of sales

As already discussed that the purpose of preparing trading account is to calculate the gross profit of the business. It can be described as excess of amount of 'Sales' over 'Cost of Sales'. This definition can be explained in terms of following equation:

Gross Profit = Sales-Cost of goods sold or (Sales + Closing Stock) -(Stock in the beginning + Purchases + Direct Expenses)

The opening stock and purchases along with buying and bringing expenses (direct exp.) are recorded the debit side whereas sales and closing stock is recorded on the credit side. If credit side is Jeater than the debit side the difference is written on the debit side as gross profit which is ultimately recorded on the credit side of profit and loss account. When the debit side exceeds the credit side, the difference is gross loss which is recorded at credit side and ultimately shown on the debit side of profit & loss account.

Usual Items in a Trading Account:

A) Debit Side

1. Opening Stock. It is the stock which remained unsold at the end of previous year. It must have been brought into books with the help of opening entry; so it always appears inside the trial balance. Generally, it is shown as first item at the debit side of trading account. Of course, in the first year of a business there will be no opening stock.

2. Purchases. It is normally second item on the debit side of trading account. 'Purchases' mean total purchases i.e. cash plus credit purchases. Any return outwards (purchases return) should be deducted out of purchases to find out the net purchases. Sometimes goods are received before the relevant invoice from the supplier. In such a situation, on the date of preparing final accounts an entry should be passed to debit the purchases account and to credit the suppliers' account with the cost of goods.

3. Buying Expenses. All expenses relating to purchase of goods are also debited in the trading account. These include-wages, carriage inwards freight, duty, clearing charges, dock charges, excise duty, octroi and import duty etc.

4. Manufacturing Expenses. Such expenses are incurred by businessmen to manufacture or to render the goods in saleable condition viz., motive power, gas fuel, stores, royalties, factory expenses, foreman and supervisor's salary etc.

Though manufacturing expenses are strictly to be taken in the manufacturing account since we are preparing only trading account, expenses of this type may also be included in the trading account.

(B) Credit Side

1. Sales. Sales mean total sales i.e. cash plus credit sales. If there are any sales returns, these should be deducted from sales. So net sales are credited to trading account. If an asset of the firm has been sold, it should not be included in the sales.

2. Closing Stock. It is the value of stock lying unsold in the godown or shop on the last date of accounting period. Normally closing stock is given outside the trial balance in that case it is shown on the credit side of trading account. But if it is given inside the trial balance, it is not to be shown on the credit side of trading account but appears only in the balance sheet as asset. Closing stock should be valued at cost or market price whichever is less.

Valuation of Closing Stock

The ascertain the value of closing stock it is necessary to make a complete inventory or list of all the items in the god own together with quantities. On the basis of physical observation the stock lists are prepared and the value of total stock is calculated on the basis of unit value. Thus, it is clear that stock-taking entails (i) inventorying, (ii) pricing. Each item is priced at cost, unless the market price is lower. Pricing an inventory at cost is easy if cost remains fixed. But prices remain fluctuating; so the valuation of stock is done on the basis of one of many valuation methods.

The preparation of trading account helps the trade to know the relationship between the costs be incurred and the revenues earned and the level of efficiency with which operations have been conducted. The ratio of gross profit to sales is very significant: it is arrived at :

Gross Profit X 100 / Sales

With the help of G.P. ratio he can ascertain as to how efficiently he is running the business higher the ratio, better will be the efficiency.

Closing Entries pertaining to trading Account

For transferring various accounts relating to goods and buying expenses, following closing entries recorded:

(i) For opening Stock: Debit trading account and credit stock account

(ii) For purchases: Debit trading account and credit purchases account, the amount being the et amount after deducting purchases returns.

(iii) For purchases returns: Debit purchases return account and credit purchases account.

(iv) For returns inwards: Debit sales account and credit sales return account

(v) For direct expenses: Debit trading account and credit direct expenses accounts individually.

(vi) For sales: Debit sales account and credit trading account. We will find that all the accounts as mentioned above will be closed with the exception of trading account

(vii) For closing stock: Debit closing stock account and credit trading account After recording above entries the trading account will be balanced and difference of two sides ascertained. If credit side is more the result is gross profit for which following entry is recorded.

(viii) For gross profit: Debit trading account and credit profit and loss account If the result is gross loss the above entry is reversed.

Profit and Loss Account

The profit and loss account is opened by recording the gross profit (on credit side) or gross loss (debit side).

For earning net profit a businessman has to incur many more expenses in addition to the direct expenses. Those expenses are deducted from profit (or added to gross loss), the resultant figure will be net profit or net loss.

The expenses which are recorded in profit and loss account are ailed 'indirect expenses'. These be classified as follows:

Selling and distribution expenses.

These comprise of following expenses:

(a) Salesmen's salary and commission

(b) Commission to agents

(d) Sales tax

(e) Bad debts

(f) Advertising

(g) Packing expenses

(h) Export duty

Administrative Expenses.

These include:

(a) Office salaries & wages

(b) Insurance

(d) Trade expenses

(e) Rates & taxes

(f) Audit fees

(g) Insurance

(h) Rent

(i) Printing and stationery

(j) Postage and telegrams

(k) Bank charges

Financial Expenses

These comprise:

(a) Discount allowed

(b) Interest on Capital

(d) Discount Charges on bill discounted

Maintenance, depreciations and Provisions etc.

These include following expenses

(a) Repairs

(b) Depreciation on assets

(d) Reserve for discount on debtors.

Along with above indirect expenses the debit side of profit and loss account comprises of various business losses also.

On the credit side of profit and loss account the items recorded are:

(a) Discount received

(b) Commission received

(d) Interest received

(e) Income from investments

(f) Profit on sale of assets

(g) Bad debts recovered

(h) Dividend received

(i) Apprenticeship premium etc.

The author is an engineering graduate, B.E.(Hons), and is managing his own software development firm, HiTech Computer Services, that mainly deals in accounting, billing and inventory control software for traders, industries, business houses, hotels, hospitals, medical stores, newspapers, magazines, petrol pumps, automobile dealers, commodity brokers and other business segments, website and web application deveopment for business. The software are available both for intranet and internet. These software are available for download from the website:

Evaluation version accounting software download is available at http://www.hitech-on-web.com/p10.asp

Copy of the article and full Financial Accounting Primer or Tutorial is available at: http://www.hitech-on-web.com/Trading_and_Profit_and_Loss_Account.asp

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Police Auctions & Sheriffs Sales Offer an Incredible Range of Goods at a Fraction of Their Value

2009-12-04T06:40:00.001-08:00

Police auctions and sheriffs sales are one of those things many people have heard of, but few are familiar with. You might have heard one of your friends or family members mention police auctions in passing, or read something about them in the local paper, but haven't given them much thought. What are police auctions, and how do they work? Where are they held and how can you attend one? Police auctions are held periodically, so it's not like you can just go to the local department and demand to see what's for auction.

To find out when a particular police auction is being held in your area, just visit your local police department's website and search for auctions or surplus auctions. Every state and local government website should have their auction times and locations listed somewhere on the site. It just takes a little bit of searching to find it. When you do, the website should have a way to contact whoever's in charge of the auction. If the website doesn't list the time or location, contact them and see when and where it is.

The types of goods you'll find at local police auctions are automobiles, jewelry, collectibles, furniture; almost anything you can think of that someone would own. Think of a police auction or sheriffs sale as a real life eBay auction, except cheaper. Since the property was seized, the government hasn't spent any money purchasing those items and can thus sell them for anything they can get. Like government auctions in general, they're truly a great way to find outstanding bargains.

However, you need to be prepared for other people wanting the items you want too. Since the property is so cheap, you can expect many other people will be lining up to get their grubby little hands on it. If you're not willing to spend the money necessary to bid competitively obtaining these items, then don't go to a police auction. It's that simple.

Police auctions can be wonderful resources if you want high-valued items for very cheap prices. If you think you could benefit from attending a police auction, find some local listings in the newspaper, or go through one of the government auction membership sites (you can find these sites by doing a Google search, or through one of the review sites like Government Auction Site Reviews at http://www.governmentauctionsitereviews.com). Like all things though, you need to research and be prepared for what you might experience there.

Mr. Ullman blogs about Government Auctions, Police Auctions, and Sheriffs Sales, and Reviews Government Auction Membership Sites at: Government Auction Site Reviews

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How to Find Office Depot Discount Codes and Online Coupons

2009-12-03T06:35:00.001-08:00

Owning and operating your own business can be an extremely difficult endeavor. Employee relations, overhead costs, insufficient funds and demanding clients can all be stressful to a business owner. Purchasing office supplies is one of the primary expenses that can subtract substantial amounts of money from a small company's budget.

Items such as such as paper, pens, pencil holders, office furniture and electronic products are often costly. The prices of many products that may seem insignificant, like paperclips and rubber bands, can really add up over time. However, office managers can shop intelligently and effectively by using smart buying strategies and taking advantage of online Office Depot discount codes.

Office Depot promo codes can allow shoppers to save up to 7% on all purchases. How does your company gain access to this special type of savings? Businesses can receive a variety of bargains and special coupon codes by joining a discount bulk buying group. Discount bulk buying groups provide companies with easy and efficient ways to save on a substantial percentage of their overall costs.

Finding the right bulk buying group can take some time. Many groups offer savings and discount codes on more than one type of service or goods. Before you choose a buying group, it is imperative that you look at the specific needs and demands of your business. The buying organization may conveniently cater to a majority of your company's needs by providing savings on a myriad of services and Office Depot online coupons. Before deciding to enlist the services of a discount buying group, you may want to
consider the following:

Do the services of the buying group complement the employees of my company? Will I use most of the offered discounts and special benefits that this group provides? Most companies are in need of paper and paper products and would benefit from using Office Depot promotional codes.

Is there a start-up fee? Do not be fooled by the numerous online scams that ask for cash upfront. Many buying groups provide members with impressive savings and promo codes on goods and services without charging them a dime.

Does the buying group offer convenient services that are easy to use? The employees of most companies are extremely busy and do not want to have to engage in a series of confusing steps or processes to obtain corporate discounts. Accommodating discounts should allow members to mention them or plug in various discount codes to obtain savings.

Purchasing items with Office Depot coupon codes from a discount buying organization, like ABNSave, is an excellent way to cut out expenditures from your company's budget. Not only does it allow your business to save money by reducing the overall cost of any supplies that you may need, but buying items in bulk is an invaluable technique that reduces the inclusive cost of your purchases. Paying for a year's supply of an individual item, like manila folders or highlighting markers, is more budget-savvy than buying three or four of those items at a time. Certain Office Depot supplies, like paper, stationary and pens will always be useful to a business and can be purchased in large amounts, saving the buyer even more money.

Allied Business Network is a discount buying group that provides members with money-saving promotional coupons, like Office Depot discount codes.

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Procurement Definition

2009-12-02T06:15:00.001-08:00

Procurement can be defined as the purchase of merchandise or services at the optimum possible total cost in the correct amount and quality. These good and services are also purchased at the correct time and location for the express gain or use of government, company, business, or individuals by signing a contract.

The process of acquisition of goods or services required as raw material (direct procurement) or for operational purposes (indirect procurement) for a company or a person can be called procurement. The procurement process not only involves the purchasing of commodities but also quality and quantity checks. Usually, suppliers are listed and pre-determined by the procuring company. This makes the process smoother, promoting a good business relationship between the buyer and the supplier.

The synonyms for procurement, which are gain, purchase, buy, and acquire, can throw light on the meaning of procurement. The process of procurement may differ from company to company, and a government institution may have a slightly different procurement process compared to a private company.

Procurement can also be simply defined as the procedure in which goods or commodities are bought when prices are low. Procurement is advantageous if the goods are bought in bulk. E-procurement is another method in which the electronic media is used for acquiring or purchasing goods. Everything is processed electronically, from the search for the right bidder to the delivery and payoff.

The procurement procedure may differ according to the product and the uses of the product. Healthcare equipment needs to be efficient and reliable, and the procurement process is carried out meticulously in order to avoid the purchase of faulty apparatus. Another important factor that is usually included in the definitions of procurement is the amount in which the product is bought. This is important because the amounts of goods bought are inversely proportional to their cost.

Thus, procurement is a process that is carried out by almost every company and individual for its own personal gain or for profits, which involves buying of commodities by choosing the appropriate bidder.

Procurement provides detailed information on Procurement, Procurement Software, E Procurement Solutions, Procurement Management and more. Procurement is affiliated with India Offshore Outsourcing.

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Finding A New Home For Your Unwanted Goods

2009-12-01T06:00:00.001-08:00

If you're planning to move house this spring, you'll no doubt notice that since your last move you've accumulated more things than you realised - books, clothes and electrical equipment - that you have little or no use for any longer. But rather than throwing them away or bringing them with you to clutter up your new abode, see if you can't find a better home for them and possibly make some money at the same time.

A quick way of getting rid of your unwanted goods is to attend a car boot sale. If you know of a local one that takes place regularly, you'll know where to go to peddle your wares, but if not there are a number of websites that advertise car boot sales across the UK. Naturally, potential buyers are looking for a bargain, and in exchange for a quick sale you should be prepared to accept a significantly lower price than you might get elsewhere, although you may be able to haggle in order to get a better price.

If you're looking for a slightly better price, you could look into using an online auction site. Most of these are reliable and allow users to rate others, meaning you can easily find out whether a potential buyer has a reliable track record or not. Most of these sites will also allow you to set a minimum acceptable bid price, or reservation price, guaranteeing that your items won't be sold for any less than you're looking for.

Another alternative is classifieds. These will allow you to find plenty of local buyers, and in recent years, online classifieds have become increasingly sophisticated, allowing you to include pictures and descriptive text rather than shorthand, to reach a large amount of interested buyers across the UK. Online classifieds also have the advantage of being more specialised, allowing you to find niche markets for almost anything imaginable.

You can also decide to give your unwanted items to charity - at least it guarantees you'll get rid of them and could, in future, help those less fortunate. If you don't have a particular charity in mind, the Charity Choice homepage has a complete listing of all registered charities in the UK and how to get in touch with them to find a branch near you.

So rather than holding onto things you no longer need or use, see if you can't give them a new home and possibly make some money in the process.

Andrew Regan is an online, freelance author from Scotland. He is a keen rugby player and enjoys travelling.

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Where to Get More USED Goods to Sell on eBay

2009-11-30T05:35:00.001-08:00

Many people start their eBay business by auctioning items that they no longer want from their own home. While this is an excellent way to get used to how eBay works, it's not possible to build a sustainable business this way as eventually you will run out of things to sell! So where can you locate more used goods to sell on eBay?

Well, even though it is very easy to start selling stuff from around the home on eBay, many people still don't. Some people still don't have their own computer or they can't be bothered to learn about eBay. You could advertise the fact that YOU can sell their items for them on eBay. This is called "consignment" and is probably easiest done locally, though you could do it nationwide. They provide the product and you provide the expertise to sell it on eBay, either for a split of the profit or for a fee.

Alternatively, you can advertise the fact that "I will buy your (whatever your product line is)". You need to do a "Completed Listings" search on eBay to find out what price you are likely to get on eBay for that particular item so you will know how much you are prepared to pay to ensure that you make a profit.

If someone is advertising their stuff for sale in a newspaper or magazine, they probably know nothing about eBay. Again, you need to do your research so you can be confident about what price whatever they are advertising is likely to sell for on eBay. Look at eBay's "Completed Listings" for that item. If the item has been advertised for a while, you are likely to get a better deal as the seller will be getting desperate to sell. There are two ways to do this:

1. Contact the seller and offer to sell their item on eBay for a percentage or agree a price they want and you keep any excess. This avoids you having to buy the product. You will incur eBay's listing fee and your time, but no other capital outlay.

2. If you can get a bargain and are confident that you can sell on eBay at a profit, buy the item yourself and list it on eBay. This involves more risk but you keep all the profit. It is probably only worth doing this for higher price items, such as cars.

You can advertise your services on eBay by getting yourself registered on eBay's Trading Assistant Directory. To become a Trading Assistant, you need to meet the following requirements: have sold at least 4 items in the last 30 days; have a feedback score of at least 50; have a positive feedback score of at least 97%.

If you meet these requirements, you can create a profile in the Trading Assistants Directory by clicking the "Create/Edit Your Profile" link. You'll be able to describe your specialties, fees, terms, contact information, and drop-in hours (if any). Your profile will then appear in search results when people look for Trading Assistants in your area.

Martyn Boaden is the Author of "The Lazy Way To Wealth On eBay" and Founder of The Online Auction Resource Centre where you will find more information and all the resources that you will ever need to set up and run your successful and profitable eBay business. And for a limited time only you can get instant access to his popular eBay Business Box (worth $164 + $17 pm) for FREE by clicking this link: http://www.TheOnlineAuctionResourceCentre.com

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Why High Gas Prices Should Cause You to Worry

2009-11-29T05:25:00.001-08:00

Why high gas prices these days? This is perhaps one of the most commonly heard question as crude oil prices continue its dramatic soar throughout the first half of 2008. Excessive demand coupled with a fixed supply of crude oil has resulted in gas prices soaring to unprecedented limits. This increase in prices has resulted in far reaching effects on the daily lives of the average consumer. In examining the effects of high gas prices, we offer you an insight on why high gas prices should cause you to worry.

The first thing you would notice with high gas prices would be a significant increase in fuel cost for your car. Yes, for the same amount of petrol which you would normally buy at your local gas station, you would now need to pay more. This result in increased cost on your part as travelling becomes an increasingly expensive affair. Indeed, with crude oil prices in excess of $120, travelling to work has never been more expensive. Thus, the immediate result of high crude oil prices would be an increase in cost of car travel.

Yet, the effect of high gas prices is in no way constrained merely to increased cost of travelling. A closer understanding would reveal far reaching consequences.

High gas prices often lead to a general increase in prices of goods and services. This is known as inflation. It is important to note that transport cost has to be factored in with relation to goods and services purchased by the average consumer. For instance, when you buy a new set of furniture, your local furniture store would often provide delivery of your new piece of furniture right up to your doorstep. However, given high gas prices, your furniture store would often have no choice but to pass on the rising cost to you as increased gas prices would mean eating into the store's profits. A similar situation is observed across other industries as suppliers of goods and services pass on higher transportation cost to consumers by marking up prices.

Subsequently, the value of money would be adversely affected given the general inflation caused by the increase on prices of goods and services. This means that the value of every dollar earned has decreased as it can now buy fewer and fewer goods. This provides a disincentive to work as the same amount of wage would now only be able to purchase a smaller amount of goods. This could also spell hardship for the poorest workers as they would be struggling near the level of poverty. Given a long time frame, this could possibly lead to social disturbances and crime.

Rounding things off, it is insufficient to think that high gas prices are only a cause of concern for consumers who drive. The fact is inflation is something very real and would affect all consumers given the increase in gas prices. Furthermore, given such a situation, we would now have to accept a lower real wage as our salary can now buy a lesser amount of goods and services as compared to before. Finally, social disturbances and crime in the long run would affect us in negative ways. Thus, high gas prices are indeed a cause of worry for us.

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EU Recycling Law to Push Prices on Electrical Goods

2009-11-28T05:15:00.001-08:00

The price of electrical goods including TV’s and washing machines looks set to increase following the implementation of a new EU directive on recycling. The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive could stimulate an increase in price of electrical goods of over £500 million per year in the UK. The directive orders the collection and recycling of discarded electrical goods that would otherwise be dumped in landfill sites. The ultimate aim is to reduce the volume of toxic chemicals in the environment with a reduction is harmful chemicals such as lead, mercury and hexavalent chromium if the goods can be reused. Some of the recycled goods will be refurbished and sent to the Third World as part of the scheme.

The directive is aimed at government and local councils rather than individuals but will mean a dramatic change to the way that we discard of consumer electrics. Councils will be expected to handle electrical goods at their recycling centres, with consumers dropping off their unwanted electrics. Although there is no direct requirement on the part of the individual – some councils will charge for the collection of large items such as washing machines pushing the cost of electrical goods up for the average consumer. Some stores will operate a take back scheme for old items when delivering a new item but for the majority this is likely to mean additional costs.

Most electrical goods that are discarded in the UK are still fully functioning, operative goods. Part of the EU’s aim is to increase the life cycle of such goods to limit the number of operative goods going out of circulation and thereby, again, reduce pressure on the environment. The aim to get people thinking about the life cycle of their electrical goods and find alternative methods of disposal does have options. If the cost of disposal is to be avoided, you essentially have to find another home for your unwanted electricals. The use of classifieds to sell unwanted goods is on the rise and resources such as Loot electricals are ideal for not only disposing of your items without paying a fee, but possibly even making a bit of money out of the process.

With lifestyle trends changing and the ongoing pursuit of environmentally friendly policies in Brussels, we could be set to see similar policies emerging from the EU in the months and tears to come. Although this looks, on the surface at least, like a bad deal for consumers the application of a little lateral thinking can reap some benefits. Passing on your unwanted electrical goods – be it to the Third World or to someone down the road in answer to your personal ad, makes sense for the environment and for the life cycle of goods which might be perfectly functional even if they don’t fit with your redesigned kitchen!

Michael Hanna is a keen writer, and internet marketer living in Scotland

E-mail: samqam@googlemail.com
Phone: 0131 561 2251
Michael's Website: Taxis Belfast

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Dramatically Affect Page Rank Disappointment - Search Engine Optimization

2009-11-27T04:55:00.001-08:00

Search Engine Optimization is getting your ad to stand out appearing on the first few pages of search engine results using natural or un-paid listings. The higher a site appears in the search engine listings the more visitors the site receives from that high listing. search engine optimization looks at how search engines list sites from search results and what visitors search for. Optimization of a website is editing the content and HTML code of the content, incoming links, internal links and anchor text to connect its relationship to keywords targeted to gain good listings from search engines and to dramatically affect page rank disappointment with search engine optimization.

Important puzzle pieces for Search Engine Optimization success

-Keyword Research-

Researching and collecting detailed information about the words or phrases visitors on the internet are typing into their search engines about a specific topic is keyword research. The results of keyword research are based on the traffic or visitors using a specific keyword or phrase and the amount of websites that have information about or containing your keywords. You will also need detailed trends of the number of people using the keyword or phrase being researched in a week, month and even in a yearly period. This will let you know if your phrase has a chance of a good campaign. There are free tools online to help out with your keyword research to help determine if there is an adequate market online ready for you to tap into.

-Create Effective Meta Tags-

Meta tags used in web sites are often used by search engines as an additional source for information to decide how to list websites. Meta Tags are not required to build a web site but to take advantage of this option is a good helping hand on a getting a good listing in search engine results. On a opposite note - Meta elements have loss a lot of respect due to keyword stuffing and spam-dexing. Some search engines still use meta tags as a way to rate sites but the majority claim to not even consider it a factor in result listings.

-Back links and Anchor text -

The use of back links also called inbound links are important to web publishers and will help a great deal for a site be noticed by the world. These links help increase were your site shows in query results on search engines. Having these links on multiple sites shows as a credit to your main page an example is for ever back link gained is similar to a vote for your page therefore the more votes the more your page is considered popular on the results page from a query. Another rank booster that is useful in page optimization is anchor text. Descriptively labeling a link name that relates to the content within a site also increases the chance of landing high results from a search query. Search engines send out web crawlers to determine the relationship of your anchor text to the content on your website . To sum it all up having back links and anchor text that relate to your pages content increase the chance of popping up on the first few pages in search engine results.

If you choose to research and do your own S.E.O to your site remember search engines regularly adjust site ranking procedures and the competition in your niche field improve their sites to adjust to this change. Regularly evaluate the optimization to your site for peak results for your campaign.

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Hermes Birkin Bags Make the Ultimate Fashion Statement

2009-11-26T04:50:00.001-08:00

Hermes Birkin bags are kind of manufactured handbags created by the towering leather goods manufacturer Hermes. These bags are named after famous British actress & singer called Jane Birkin who was a longtime dweller of France.

It is famously mentioned in an interesting incident in 1981 that led to the birth of this line of handbags. It is said that Jane Birkin was once flying on a plane and suddenly at one point of time, her bag fell and the contents of it spilled out.

The President of Hermes who was incidentally sitting beside her saw this, and offered her to produce a brand of handbags named after her. She sketched her idyllic bag, and thus, Hermes Birkin bags were born. Interestingly she had to pay for the first prototype of the line of handbags, which took her by surprise.

Considered A Statement Of High Fashion

Hermes Birkin bags have become popular because of the actress it was named after. The Birkin Bag has gone on to become one of the most popular brand of handbags throughout the world, especially among the rich and famous.

The manufacture of a Birkin bag is said to take several weeks and the exterior of the bags can be made up of an assortment of leathers.

There are custom bags made of varying kinds of animal skin, including crocodile skin, which is the most expensive. Typically, Hermes Birkin bags are made of goatskin and the color is given such that it matches the exterior.

The metallic parts of these bags may also be studded with precious metals or jewels as per the choice of the buyer.

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American Wealth vs. Third World Poverty

2009-11-25T04:45:00.001-08:00

The United States is undeniably the richest and most powerful nation ever on the face of the earth. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the U.S. is larger than the next two biggest economies combined, which in China and Japan. The U.S. economy outproduces the combined economies of over forty-seven poor nations, which account for 53 percent of the population of the world. These forty-seven nations include China and India. But on an individual scale, just how does the income of the average American compare to the average income of the poor of the world?

In 2000 the per capita income of the U.S. was 360 percent higher than the world's average per capita income (CPI). The U.S. boasted a CPI of $34,100 while the average world CPI was $7,410 (measured in international dollars). This does not give an accurate picture because the world's average CPI includes the U.S and the other wealthy nations of Europe. Therefore, lets look at the 56 percent of the world's population who comprise the world's poor.

According to statistics from the World Bank, 56 percent of the world's population lives in extreme poverty. They survive on an income of less than $730 per year or $2 per day. Half of the worlds poor who comprise 28 percent of the world's population live on $1 or less per day. In comparison, the average American earns from 46 to 92 times more than the poverty stricken comprising over half the world's population.

If you are like me, you might say but things are so much cheaper in poverty stricken countries. Yes, many things are cheaper but we now live in a global market. Food is an international commodity. The cultivation of third world food is usually much more labor intensive and is often more expensive than food grown on America's mechanized farms. Yet, American's spend and average of $3,400 per year per person on food and beverages. That 365 percent more than the total average income of over half the people in the world.

Accounting for every man, woman and child in the U.S., Americans spend an average of $0.20 per day on cosmetics, perfume and skin and hair care products; over $0.50 a day on jewelry; nearly $3 on furniture and other household goods; over $3 per day on clothing; gambling totals almost $6 per day; over $7 a day is spent on automobiles and trucks; and over $9 on food. Americans simply live a lifestyle that is beyond imagination for most of the poor in the world.

The Bible describes a nation called Babylon. Revelation 17 and 18 say that Babylon will be destroyed. God says that this destruction is his judgment on the nation. Revelation 18 clearly describes Babylon as the richest nation on earth. It is the nation to whom the merchants of the earth sell their goods. The U.S. is the largest importer in the world. In 2000, the U.S. imported $5.867 trillion in goods and services. Americans need to repent and turn back to God.

John Durr is author of an astounding new eBook entitled: “The Soon Coming Judgment of God Upon America And How To Escape It!” The book uses Bible prophecy, little known American history and current events to prove that the United States is the Babylon of Bible prophecy. This is a must read for every American because the Bible clearly says Babylon (America) will be destroyed. The book not only describes how the U.S. fulfills every description of Babylon, it carefully shows what the reader needs to do in order to be saved from this coming judgment.

The eBook is available at http://americascomingjudgment.com.

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Clickbank Affiliate Marketing vs eBay Affiliate Marketing

2009-11-24T04:40:00.001-08:00

Since the launch of Amazon.com in 1995, the number of affiliate marketing programs offered on the internet has grown enormously. Although Amazon.com was one of the pioneers with their affiliate program, other affiliate providers such as eBay and Clickbank now arguably offer a more diverse and profitable affiliate program.

The eBay Affiliate Program

Put simply, eBay launched their affiliate program to obtain more targeted traffic to their site. Originally many webmasters used the eBay affiliate program simply to make additional revenue from their existing web site. This has changed recently with an advancement in the quality of RSS feeds leading to a number of different affiliate store scripts flooding the market. These affiliate store scripts have created a new phenomenon where new eBay affiliates establish an affiliate store as the primary purpose of their web site and then add relevant content. EBay affiliates are now creating web sites that are established primarily to make affiliate commissions and not necessarily to provide useful and relevant content for the visitor.

My eBay Affiliate Store

I have an interest in golf and established my own eBay affiliate golf store called davesgolfstore.com using an eBay affiliate store script called Build A Niche Store. I provide my own web site content and have a direct feed of products from eBay. Every product listed on eBay under the golf category is displayed on my site in real time. When somebody clicks on a set of golf clubs listed on my site they are taken directly to eBay. If they place a successful bid I receive a commission from eBay ranging from 20-65% of eBays income. When I refer a new customer to eBay who makes a successful bid I receive a commission up to $24. The one downside of being an eBay affiliate is that you rely heavily on generating organic traffic from top listings on the search engines. The average commission I receive per sale is between $1-2. These commissions are quite small and it makes it difficult to use other traffic generating methods such as pay per click advertising. Given the search engines constantly update their page ranking algorithms, the inherent risk is it becomes difficult to generate consistent traffic as you rely heavily on organic searches.

Clickbank Affiliate Program

Clickbank offers an affiliate program that is primarily associated with promoting digital products that are predominantly ebooks. Similar to eBay, ClickBank has a diverse range of products to promote over a number of different categories across a range of interests and hobbies. The primary difference between Clickbank and eBay relates to the commissions paid per sale. Clickbank affiliates can earn between 25% to 75% per sale price while eBay commissions are based solely on eBay's revenue per sale and not the total sale price of the item. The majority of eBooks available on Clickbank are "How To" type ebooks. Historically these types of ebooks sell in high volumes and suit the internet given buyers generally have instant download access to the ebook they purchase. Given the digital nature of Clickbank products , promotion does involve providing more content rich web sites as potential buyers generally require more information before they make a purchase. Buyers take a different approach to eBay where generally the majority of goods purchased are still "hard goods" and most buyers already have an understanding of what they are purchasing.

Clickbank or eBay - You Decide?

There are more resources online when it comes to making money on Clickbank as opposed to making money with eBay affiliate marketing. Wealthy Affiliate.com is one of the more popular making money with Clickbank resources available on the internet while Build A Niche Store is now commonly used amongst eBay affiliate marketers. If you are willing to provide a content rich site, promoting Clickbank products can be very profitable given the higher commissions received where as eBay affiliate marketing is more suitable for those who don't necessarily wish to develop content rich sites and prefer to promote traditional type "hard goods".

Running a web site that is established primarily to make affiliate commissions is some what a floored concept. A web site should be created for the purpose of providing relevant and useful content to the visitor, and then relevant affiliate and non affiliate links can be provided to the visitor to help them further with their search.

To learn more about Wealthy Affiliate University, Build A Niche Storeor Affiliate Marketing you can visit my web site at ehomebusinessonline.com

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Transporting the Goods: Less Than Load Freight Shipping for Small Businesses

2009-11-23T04:30:00.001-08:00

Small businesses everywhere know that it is difficult to find a place that will freight ship all of the products that are needed, especially if it is less than load. If you are a small to medium sized business, and are looking for your best options for freight shipping, than you can look at other companies that are willing to take less than load to ship to another place for you. Whether it is domestic or international shipping, you can expect to find a place that will be willing to take a load off of your company and deliver what is needed responsibly.

For most, you know about the shipping possibilities that are available to you. The post office, UPS, Fed Ex, and other commercial shipping areas are willing to give you standard rates. However, they won’t keep in mind that you are a small business, meaning that they may not have the best options available to you. If you are shipping freights, you know that the cost will be higher. Even if you are a small business, most of these shipping areas won’t offer you a deal for continuous shipping.

What are the options that you can look into in order to save money as a small business? There are several freight shipping businesses that are available that will give you the best option for what you have. One of the most well known are LTL trucking companies. LTL stands for less than truck load. These particular companies are designed to target small businesses that need shipping done, but don’t have the ability to send over a specific amount.

Not only can you use LTL shipping as a way to be taken care of as a small business, but you can also find a variety of possibilities available with LTL shipping. For instance, if you only have a few freights to send, you can find a truck or international shipping company that has extra room. This is an easy way to transport your freight without extra shipping costs attached. With these particular systems, you can search for a truck or shipping system that is waiting to fill their space before leaving.

Getting the “Bang for Your Buck” With Freight Shipping

Once you begin to find the correct freight shipping companies that will allow you to take less than load, you can begin to find ways to reduce the amount of cost that you have to pay for your small business. There are a variety of companies that offer different possibilities in order for you to be able to find the perfect shipping deal for your small business that will also offer you a discount.

One way to save money with freight shipping is by backhaul freight. This particular way of shipping will save you money, but it is important that you are not on a time frame for your shipping. In backhaul freight, you will put your items on a specific carrier, such as a truck, that will be able to take your freights on their way back from the destination that they came from. Since they are not necessarily making a complete stop for delivery, this type of shipping can save you money.

Of course, several shipping companies will also have deals that you can use if you use them specifically. Several freight shipping companies will offer a membership fee. This allows you to pay one cost for a specified amount of time. You can then find which shipments are leaving from your area, and can use the extra space on any of them as much as you want for your small business freights. For those that have consistent things that they need to ship, this is a good alternative in order to save money.

Another option that you can use is to go through a third party. Not only will this save you money, but it will also save you time. There are companies that are available as mediators between several shipping companies and small businesses. Not only will these companies provide you with the best options, but will also find discounts for you in relation to what you are shipping, what the size is, and how much you need to send by freight.

If you are a small business, but large enough to be sending freights to any domestic or international area, than you know the importance of getting your products there on time while receiving a discount. Looking into the ability to be a part of less than load freight shipping is a great opportunity to succeed with everything that you need to send in every corner of the earth.

Save 70% off LTL Freight Shipping from top domestic freight shipping carriers.

Durable Leather Goods - Gifts For Your Groomsmen

2009-11-22T04:20:00.001-08:00

One major reason why leather goods are very popular is because they are versatile and durable enough to use. During special celebrations such as weddings, birthdays and anniversaries, leather gifts are the perfect choice to make someone feel very special. A wedding for instance, is a celebration where gifts are abundant. Not only wedded couples deserve to receive gifts, but also, they too need to give gifts most especially for their participants who have done a great effort to help make the celebration successful. Giving gifts for groomsmen in particular, is a consideration that should be made by couples. Great items for your groomsmen such as leather-made products can make memorable gifts. Also, another thing about giving gifts to your groomsmen is by making it more special by means of personalizing. How would you like to see a wonderful leather piece with an additional personal touch? Making it very one-of-a-kind special present, which your groomsmen would cherish and remember.

Personalized Leather Desk Accessories

Wondering what to give to your career-oriented groomsmen? Think of something they could use at work. Consider buying them some leather desk accessories to accentuate their desk and office appeal. Different leather-made business items are available mostly at specialty stores, however you could also buy in bulk at online stores. Such accessories can be made personalized by monogramming initials of your groomsmen or scripting personal messages on the leather.

You may consider a Personalized Leather Desk Caddie to ensure an impressive statement on your groomsmen's office. An elegant gift to reward your groomsmen, this classy desk accessory offers a practical, sophisticated and exquisite appeal, and features a gently curving design that can keep pens and paper clips perfectly. Making it personalized by engraving initials on the plate - that makes a striking desk accessory for your groomsmen with a deep gratitude. Or perhaps a Brown Leather Pen Holder rustic and refined to add an air of elegance and sophistication on their office desk.

Personalized Leather Bags

Leather bags are obviously very practical - useful and durable - gift options for your groomsmen. Whatever their preference, these bags are ideally incorporated to complete their overall outfit. Consider a Personalized Soft Sided Briefcase or Euro Leather Traveler bag, these bags are their perfect companions during traveling. These are made from soft and top grain leather with spacious compartments to store their valuable items. And just like other leather products, these bags can also be made personalized by monogramming initials of your groomsmen or their role during your wedding.

Other leather products you may include on your list are leather money clips, barware, flasks and the like. You may find different themed leather items for men that are a sure hit on your wedding day celebration.

Janet is an author for a variety of lifestyle issues and topics. For more information on leather goods, visit the website Mygroomsmengifts.com and choose from their products. Shop for gift for men online!

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Trademark Registration on the Supplemental Register

2009-11-21T04:15:00.001-08:00

Most people are aware of the numerous benefits of owning a trademark registration on the Principal Register of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). In fact, trademark owners are urged by trademark attorneys to select distinctive marks in order to be able to, upon use in interstate commerce, be registered there and enjoy numerous presumptions such as validity, ownership, and notice. However, the Supplemental Register also has value, especially when the alternative is out of the question initially.

Before the benefits of being supplementally registered is discussed, it is important to understand that which a supplemental registration does not provide. Marks are often relegated to the Supplemental Register because, at the request of the USPTO examining attorney, the marks are merely descriptive and therefore not a distinctive identifier of the source of the goods or services to which the mark pertains. Such placement does not afford the exclusive right to use the mark in commerce in connection with its identified goods or services. Equally important, it does not serve as prima facie evidence of the validity of the registered mark or of the trademark registrant's ownership of the mark. Finally, it may be an admission that the mark is not inherently distinctive.

While these drawbacks obviously warrant a mark owner's desire to be registered on the Principal Register, a supplemental registration has benefits of its own. In fact, some entities choose to have a brand that tells consumers what it is they are offering (e.g. Pizza Restaurant) as opposed to an inherently distinctive mark (.e.g. Domino's®) that requires effort to create consumer recognition. Such marks are not going to warrant principal placement, although they be supplementally registered. After five years on the Supplemental Register, the mark may qualify for the Principal Register due to it having acquired distinctiveness. It is worth noting that both allow the owner to use the registered trademark ® symbol, sue in federal court, and take advantage of certain international treaties.

Thus, any registration with the USPTO is better than having no trademark registration at all. While ultimately the Principal Register provides the most benefits and best protection, the Supplemental Register should be considered where an entity prefers what is likely a merely descriptive mark at the outset or has failed to acquire the requisite distinctiveness to be registered on where many deem as the preferred spot.

Brian A. Hall is an attorney and partner of Traverse Legal, PLC, a law firm focused on complex litigation, intellectual property matters, internet law and trademark prosecution. Speak with a trademark attorney today and learn more about the numerous benefits of owning a trademark registration on the Principal Register of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

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What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

2009-11-20T04:10:00.001-08:00

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) like the CPI can be heard daily as a common economic terms, yet one not always understood.

As defined by economics theory, Gross Domestic Product measures a country's production output as a way of calculating the growth or decline of its economy. GDP sums up the value of all goods and services production by a nation within its borders over a specified time period, typically a year or 12 months.

GDP replaced another kind of measure, Gross National Product (GNP), in the United States in 1992, in order to be more consistent with the economic measures used by other countries. GDP centers on the locations where the goods and services are produced, e. G. Within a country's legal borders, whereas GNP measures the output of all companies owned by a nation's citizens no matter where those factories might be sited geographically.

According to theories of macroeconomics, Gross Domestic Product can be measured in three ways: expenditure, national income and value-added. Theoretically, all three methods must yield the same results, as expenditures for services and goods must equal total income paid to the producers, which must equal the total output value. The expenditures approach, represented by the following formula, is used most commonly.

GDP = Consumption goods and services (C) + Gross Investments (I) + Government Purchases (G) + (Exports (X) - Imports (M))

"Consumption" represents the sum of all households' personal expenditures, also termed private consumption, for things like housing, health care, food, etc. Not included in this term is new housing.

"Investment" represents the amount spent for capital improvements by business or households. This total includes such purchases as software, equipment or machinery for business and new housing, but not purchases of financial products, which are termed "savings" in economic theory.

"Government spending" represents the amount that a government spends for such items as military weapons, public employees' salaries, etc. Not included here are any benefits, such as old-age pensions, unemployment, etc.

"Exports" represents gross exports, or those products that a nation creates which are purchased by other nations.

"Imports" represents gross imports, meaning those items produced outside a country that are bought by its citizens, businesses or governments. These purchases have already been accounted for in the categories of Consumption, Investment or Government, so this value is subtracted.

Some economists like the national income method of figuring Gross Domestic Product to provide a more real image of corporate and personal wealth, that is, the capacity of businesses and individuals to exchange income for goods and services. This method is calculated by the formula:

GDP = Employee salaries and wages + Corporate gross financial surplus (profit) + Income of Proprietors + Income from Rentals + Net Interest

The third method, the value-added approach, is also known as the output method. This method focuses determining the total output of a nation by directly calculating the total value of all goods and services a nation produces. Its formula is:

GDP = The value of goods sold - cost to buy intermediate goods to produce goods sold.

International standards for computing Gross Domestic Product are found in a book titled "System of National Accounts, " published in 1993. Termed SNA93, this reference was created by representatives from the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, United Nations, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and the European Union.

We here two terms quite frequently in the financial press, CPI and the ever present GDP. For more definitive info on both visit the site today.

Accounting And The Consignor

2009-11-19T04:00:00.001-08:00

In the dealer-agent relationship, the agent merely undertakes to sell the goods on behalf of the dealer at the best possible price. For these services, he receives compensation in the form of commission on the sales. Until the goods have been sold, they remain the property of the dealer and not of the agent. This means that the dealer is entitled to the proceeds from the sale of the goods dispatched, so the agent is obliged to pay the dealer the proceeds after deducting his commissions and expenses.

Usually each consignment is identified separately, by the opening of an independent account for it and the profit (loss) per consignment is determined as soon as the result is known. Goods sent to a consignee remain the property of the consignor until sold and in the case of a perpetual accounting inventory system the consignment is journalised at cost.

In the case of a periodic accounting inventory system, the purchases account will be credited. The consignment 'accounting account' has a twofold purpose: it serves as an inventory account for goods held by agents and also as a consignment income account.

Costs such as rail or sea freight or insurance will be incurred on each consignment. These additional costs form part of the cost of the consignment inventory and must be debited to the appropriate consignment 'accounting account'.

As soon as the consignor receives details from the agent regarding the sale of goods, he (the consignor) is able to determine the profit or loss on the consignment. The notice or accounting report received from the agent is known as an account sale and provides full details about the goods received by the agent, goods sold, cost incurred by the agent, a debit for his compensation (commission) and the balance of unsold goods.

Thus, the consignment 'accounting account' contains all the details concerning the consignment transactions. Therefore, a profit (loss) can be determined and transferred to the general income account. The balance on the account represents the cost price of the unsold inventory and is shown, together with other inventories, in the financial accounting statements.

The cost price of unsold inventory consists of the initial purchase price plus the proportional portion of all costs related to the consignment, but excluding commission. Commission is a function of sales and is, therefore, a selling expense that must be written off against the profit (loss) arising from the particular sales transaction.

When the agent receives the goods, he does not usually make a formal accounting entry, since he did not purchase the goods nor did they belong to him. However, he will keep an inventory record to record the receipt and sales of the goods. An alternative would be to debit a consignment received 'accounting account' with the invoice price and to credit the consignor. When the goods are sold the amount will be credited to the 'consignment accounting received account'.

Michael Russell

Your Independent guide to Accounting

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Bottega Veneta High End Designer Goods

2009-11-18T03:55:00.001-08:00

The company was founded in the 60's and was started by Vittorio and Laure Moltedo. Its focus was on mens and womens designer ready-to-wear clothes, home items and leather goods. It was in the beginning a family business and was located in Vicenza a city near Venice, Italy. Bottega is a timeless luxury line and is known for its exclusivity and famed signature Intrecciato Line. They also were well known for not splashing their label on the front of every item they created, like some companies do. This is why they are so well loved as a classic style not a in your face, labels all over every item type of brand.

In July of 2001 the company merged with the Gucci Group, and the designer Tomas Maier (German born) took control and revived the line by making if feel more modern and making their traditional woven leather their signature. The Bottega handbags have very clean lines, the finest soft leather, and classic style as apposed to trendy designs that are in one week and out the next. Tomas has the same ultra luxury feel in his ready-to-wear line and the company is well known for their $3000 handbags, hand woven belts and shoes.

The company sells it items through high end department stores such as Neiman Marcus and has US boutiques in: California, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, and Texas. New boutiques are opening in 2008 in Scottsdale Fashion Square, and on Newbury Street in Boston. Bottega also has international boutiques in: Italy, Spain, France, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Germany, Russia, Japan, Hong Kong, Guam, Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates.

For more information on Bottega Veneta visit:

http://www.bagdesigns.net

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Cutting Through Customs' Red Tape

2009-11-17T03:40:00.001-08:00

Vacationers who enjoy shopping during their Caribbean travels will find plenty to buy, no matter which island they plan to visit. However, one question many travelers ask is how to bring these purchased items back into their home country. With a little knowledge, and the right paperwork, passing swiftly through customs does not have to be difficult.

Knowing which items are permitted and which are not will protect you from additional fees or lost goods. Because each Caribbean island is different, you will find variations in the laws that protect items going into and out of countries. Each island will also have its own popular native goods.

Leaving Home

When leaving home to enter the Caribbean, some travelers document their prior possessions, registering them with a Certificate of Registration or similar form available through your home customs office. Make a note of serial numbers and other permanent markings on such forms to keep customs agents from being concerned about your personal items.

If you are taking any type of prescription medication, bring your doctor's prescription with you while you travel. This will help ensure an easy, no-questions-asked trip through customs and can also help if you accidentally lose your medication during your trip. However, remember that the many so-called "recreational" drugs are often illegal throughout the Caribbean as well, and traveling with them is not permitted.

Return Ticket

Going through customs on the way home can be equally taxing, so you may want to remember to bring important items, such as receipts. Whenever you receive receipts for souvenir purchases, keep them. They can be especially helpful when passing through customs.

Native goods may include perishables, such as cigars, liquor, and coffee. Hot sauces are also popular on some islands, and the quantity of these goods you may bring home is usually limited by your home country. However, goods are mostly limited by a monetary amount, after which point they may be taxed. So if you're looking to pick up duty-free goods, be especially careful of the upper limits allowed back into the country.

When returning home, U.S. citizens should plan to bring along no more than $800(USD) in merchandise from most Caribbean countries. American vacationers returning to the mainland from the U.S. Virgin Islands may bring in twice the amount of goods. Remember, you can often mail souvenirs and other items home, or you may even mail your own personal items that you won't need immediately when you return, which can help you save space for packing.

So if you're looking for sure-fire ways to pass easily through customs, know the rules before you go. Don't forget to bring and keep any paperwork that will account for your belongings during your journey. With these rules in mind, passing through customs from the Caribbean [http://caribbean-guide.info/traveler_basics/customs.jsp] should be a breeze.

Jennifer Smith writes for VirginIslands-Guide.info, Jamaica-Guide.info, and other Segisys travel Web sites.

Article may only be reprinted if it is not modified in any way, and if all links remain live.

Benefits of Honey in Beauty

2009-11-16T03:30:00.001-08:00

Honey includes wax, sugar, and many of minerals. It is an expected moisturizer, over and above an anti-irritant building it appropriate for thin-skinned skin category. Honey is able to be found in a lot of of the beauty goods you locate in your narrow drug store or preferred beauty deliver store. A few of these goods can be very costly to purchase and a lot of of these goods can be prepared at residence.

Endeavor some of the subsequent honey beauty tips underneath

Honey cover: Apply clean honey to your face and permit it to lie down until dried out. This will acquire 15 minutes. Formerly dry, clean your face with hot water.

Body blush wash: To moisturize, soft, and obtain an all in excess of body blush, keep a jar of honey subsequently to your bathtub. Apply honey on your membrane and stroke dry by means of both hands. At the same time as touching your skin, the honey will get muggy and softly haul up your skin. Wash away the honey at what time you are completed. The consequences will be huge circulation and attractive, shining skin!

Honey rub: Muddle up 1 teaspoon of honey by means of slight almond flour hooked on the palm of your hand. Softly submit an application of honey on your face for a facial wash. Soak your face with hot water to do away with honey rub.

Hair conditioner: In favor of hale and hearty hair and scalp, unite half mug of honey and 2 tablespoons of emerald oil. Wet through your hair by means of the honey blend, put on a bathe cap and permit it to stay behind on hair for about 30 minutes. Following 30 minutes, rinse and soak your hair as you on the whole do.

Membrane toner: To dense, level, and humidify your skin, merge 1 peeled, cored apple by means of 1 tablespoon of honey in a mixer. Beat honey mixture awaiting smooth. Softly apply honey blend on face and permit it to stay for 15 minutes. Wash your face by means of balmy water to take away the honey combination.

Through the above beauty instructions, you can make reasonably priced spa-like yield at residence. Honey is magnificent beauty inventions as it contains logically taking place enzymes, vitamins, and natural resources. Be in no doubt your honey is all natural by pay for just 100% uncontaminated honey to generate your beauty goods.

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Electronics Wholesale Supplier - 6 Ways to Get the Best Supplier For Electronics Goods

2009-11-15T03:25:00.001-08:00

If you are looking for electronic goods for your own business, or if you really want to have extra income by selling electronic products online, then critical to your success in your endeavors is getting the best electronics wholesale supplier.

Today, more and more business-minded people want to earn more money through online and offline retail shops or via auction sites, such as eBay. No matter what your reasons are in finding bulk order distributors, it is crucial that you get the top and legitimate product suppliers.

Looking for top-notch bulk order electronic products for your enterprise could be very challenging if you do not know how to find one. There are numerous ways on how you can find an electronics cause first-rate online directories carry out their own legwork to research, contact, and test the lewholesale supplier, such as visiting trade shows or warehouses, or directly contacting product manufacturers. You can also find the best supplier through directories on the Internet.

Wholesale directories online are getting more and more popular nowadays begitimacy and reputation of the wholesale suppliers before they make recommendations. They also do this before they include the distributors and manufacturers on their listing. This eliminates the many risks that you will end up with when you deal with swindlers, cheaters, and scammers. To find the best electronics wholesale supplier for superior electronic products, you must consider the following things:

1. Legitimate and reputable suppliers. You will find many lists of trustworthy and credible merchandisers. They range from branded products to generic products. It will guarantee you to have quality electronic goods.

2. An enormous variety of merchandisers and goods. It is like a one-stop information bank of everything you need. If you are searching for electronic goods suppliers, you will certainly get the first-rate products that you want.

3. Provides for small as well as big enterprises. If you are a beginner in the online trade system, you must find an electronics wholesale supplier that also provides for small- and large-sized businesses and beginners like you. You must look for a distributor who does not require minimum orders.

4. Customer service. Customer service is an important criterion when searching for a distributor. You should make sure that the company has a support team that will help you when you experience difficulties.

5. Forum. Look for directories that have a real-time forum with power sellers and members.

6. Latest list of distributors. Certainly, it is very important that directories have the updated list.

The selling of the electronic products is the most unproblematic part. The most difficult part is getting the best electronics wholesale supplier.

Discover where you can get deep wholesale discounts from the best and most reliable dropship wholesalers.

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Make Money Buying and Selling at Flea Markets

2009-11-14T03:15:00.001-08:00

Everyone at one time or another will probably visit a flea market. Flea markets can be a fun time for the whole family. I remember going to the flea market as a kid and going home with toys I had never seen before. Growing up I found my self visiting flea markets trying to find a deal or two. As time went by, I saw the money you could make at flea markets. The same people sell at flea markets each week religiously for a good reason. It can be a gold mine. Your average flea market on the weekend can see over 10,000 visitors. If you can't make money at a flea market there is something wrong.Check out your local flea market. You don't have to be special to reserve a spot to sell your goods there. You just have to make arrangements and pay for your spot/table. Then you can sell any goods you have. Some people will pay full price without trying to talk you down. Other customers will try and wheel and deal their way to a good bargain. Either way, you will make tons of money at a flea market because of the volume of customers you will get.

My niche at the flea market was jewelry and lingerie. Find your niche and go for it! You don't even have to sell name brand merchandise. People are at a flea market to find things for a good price. You won't make as much money if your product cost a hundred dollars or more. So as long as the price is right, you will make money. There are tons of wholesalers who offer some really great priced goods that are not name brands. Buy some no-name goods wholesale and resell them at the flea market. You can make some profit and sell an interesting product at a great price for the people at the flea market.

Flea markets are also known for having goods you can't find anywhere except a flea market. Who cares if you aren't offering anything you can buy in retail stores. People visit flea markets for the experience of finding something different than you can find in regular stores. You don't need name brand products to make money at a flea market. Weird and rare things sell remarkably well at flea markets(the same rule holds true for ebay). Take my word for it, find something good to sell that you can get for a great deal. Get enough stock to last you the whole flea market length. Buy a table/spot at your local flea market. Be prepared to make some serious money. Bringing home over five thousand dollars in a weekend is not out of the ordinary when you sell at a flea market.

At a flea market you probably won't find someone selling the same thing as you. No competition means more money! Maybe do a scan of the flea market the weekend before you plan to sell and scope things out. Find out who is selling what and where they are. Map out your plan of what to sell and where to sell it at the flea market. The key is finding a good spot to sell your goods. The good tables are worth paying the extra money if it means a location where more people will see you.

Buying from flea markets can be a great score also. When you are a seller at a flea market, you usually get there early in the day. Which means nobody is there shopping yet. The early bird gets the worm. Hit two birds with one stone. Scope the place out for the best deals of the day from the other sellers there. I have found tons of things I have made really good money from at flea markets. Buy it cheap at the flea market and resell it on ebay for tons more money.

That's right, just beware of counterfeit and fake goods: And you can make some great money from buying at flea markets and reselling on ebay. From simple things like snow globes, nick-nacks, to collectibles, and decorations. All kinds of things are at flea markets with lots of ebay potential. Heck, if you have your own website; list the goods you buy from the flea market there so you can make money without paying ebay fees. Either way, the rewards are very much worth it when you are a regular visitor to flea markets.

I look at flea markets, yard sales, and things like that as potential gold mines. You always hear stories of people finding really good things there. I have found some really good profit makers through the years just because of flea markets and yard sales. So, look in your local paper. Check out all the flea markets. Go take a leisure visit and see what you can find. Take the family if you can't leave the house without them. You will have fun and probably make some money. At the same time; see if there can be a future for you selling at the flea market. I bet you can, goodluck!

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All About Sports Authority Sporting Goods - A Complete Review

2009-11-13T03:00:00.001-08:00

Do you love to play sports? Alright, here’s the deal…if you are like the majority of the human race, then just maybe you enjoy sports on some level. And if you are among the male gender I would like to stress this point even further. With the enormous range of sporting events, athletic stores as well as friendly games thriving throughout the US of A, it’s for sure that sports are quite the rage.

Where do you go to purchase your sports equipment? For sure, you have to browse somewhere for maybe a hockey stick, shoulder pads or perhaps a decent basketball. Now let me give you a few tips on where to shop. Have you tried the sports authority sporting goods stores?

You can browse through a great selection of products with sports authority sporting goods that range anywhere from soccer to baseball, basketball to football. No matter what sort of equipment you are looking for, you will find virtually anything you need at sports authority sporting goods stores.

A few days back, I was in desperate need of a quality baseball mitt. Though I looked briefly through a number of the local sporting goods stores, I unfortunately found nothing that was of quality. In fact the selection was just too slim. I actually prefer the finer gloves, the kind that will last an avid player for many years to come.

What’s more this was going to be a gift for my nephew. Surely I didn’t want to let him down. This was exactly when I decided to browse online as anyway the Wide-Web has it all! I wasn’t going to miss out on any stop, that’s when I stumbled upon the sports authority sporting goods website. Alas! This site is the bomb! Not only did they have a fantastic selection to choose from but I was able to spot the perfect mitt I had been looking for all this while. Ordering online is such a hassle-free experience and the product was shipped so fast, that too all within the comfort of my home!

Are you looking for some quality sports equipment? Just incase you have any trouble finding what you're looking for at local sports stores, then may I suggest you give the sports authority sporting goods store a try. Hop online today and check it out for yourself! It’s fun browsing through the wide range available on their website. For sure, the internet is the coolest way to shop nowadays. What better way to beat convenience and low prices, than by browsing at your very fingertips!

Mike F. Prince provides readers with up-to-date commentaries, articles, and reviews for sports, games as well as other related information.

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The Goods on a Golf Swing Trainer

2009-11-12T02:50:00.001-08:00

A golf swing trainer is a device that helps you to consistently swing properly. There are many options available, from those that are designed to fix your slice to those that will help you get a longer, faster drive.

Don’t be fooled by the manufacturers that say their trainer will solve any and all golf swing problems. Know your primary swing faults and focus on finding a golf swing trainer designed to fix them. All trainers have the same purpose: to improve your swing mechanics. The majority do this by using what is known as 'muscle memory.' The idea is that if you carry out a movement time after time, exactly the same way each time, your muscles become attuned to it. You will be able to execute that movement without having to consciously make your muscles follow the routine.

One type of golf swing trainer you might be familiar with is the large, round devices often made of white piping. These are called golf swing plane trainers. They specifically help you get a feel for the proper swing plane for your body size. These trainers have stood the test of time so you’ll see them at a lot of driving ranges and courses that offer instruction. Some have exercise cords that strengthen your muscles while keeping your swing in the correct plane, and others keep your arms and legs in the correct posture. Some do both, but remember that you get what you pay for.

Before you invest in a golf swing trainer like this or something simpler, try it out. Most pro shops will allow you hit a few balls in a hitting bay to get a feel for the equipment and its effectiveness. Whether you are considering a big or small investment in equipment, have a golf pro look at your swing and suggest a golf swing trainer. Ask other golfers what they have tried.

One thing to consider when determining whether a trainer is worth the money is its longevity. If you consistently see advertisements for it, it’s probably an effective training aid and therefore a good buy. But, if you see people trying to unload their used trainer at steep discounts on the Internet or at yard sales, chances are pretty good that it was less than effective.

Once you chosen a golf swing trainer, use it regularly. It will take some time to fix your swing faults, so give it a chance. Too many trainers are collecting dust because their owners got frustrated and gave up on it after just a few sessions.

=============================

Richard Myers provides the avid golfer with video instruction to improve his or her golf swing. By using his golf swing trainer you will be able to lower your golf score significantly.

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How To Measure Inventory

2009-11-11T02:45:00.001-08:00

Someone in any company must learn to measure inventory because this is a way of finding out how a product is doing in the market. Without this kind of activity and business practice, one will not be able to see how well the inventory is being managed, especially for products that are sold on consignment. Whenever inventory is analyzed or measured, what needs to be seen or captured in the data is the number of times that finished goods are sold. This may be done on a weekly, monthly, or annual basis.

It is a given that if the inventory is not turned over, the products are not sold. These goods that are stocked in the shelves or warehouses are costing money to companies. Goods that are unsold are always equated to capital that is just lying around. It is not generating funds but it accumulates costs. Other than that, these goods may perish especially if they have short shelf lives. Although it is ideal to have zero inventory, it may be said that as long as the inventory is balanced, one is assured that the business is moving on and that there is a good cash flow if the goods are moving steadily from the merchandiser to the end user.

To measure this, one must have data. Of course, it need not be said that the data should be accurate. To calculate this, the total annual sales is divided by the inventory value. This is normally done in an annual basis since it is a common business practice to see how it grows year in and year out. One must do this in order not to over produce. Also, if the inventory return is low, this means that the company must come up with initiatives to increase sales through marketing.

Another way of seeing the effectiveness of inventory strategy is through inventory levels. One must note that there are three types of inventory. These should include the raw materials that are found in the company. Another is the work that is in progress. These are things that are yet to be converted into finished product. The last type of inventory is then actual finished goods ready for delivery or marketing.

Raw materials are the parts that will be used to come up with a product. This means it includes everything from bolts to screws, etc. Once these materials are currently being assembled, these should be included in the second type of inventory, which is work in progress. Lastly, the finished good is the final outcome of the process of putting the inputs together.

When the level of inventory is calculated, one must take note that the production rate is an important mathematical formula that plays a significant role in inventory management. Production rate is the number units completed or assembled over a given period. To measure inventory accurately, this should only include completed products that are ready for shipment or sales. To calculate this, the total number of completed products should be divided by the specified timeframe like weeks, days, or months.

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Trademark International Class - Class 16 (Paper Goods and Printed Matter)

2009-11-10T02:40:00.001-08:00

All goods or services are categorized within International Classes (IC hereafter). Goods run from classes IC 1-34, while Services are in IC 35-45. Let's take a closer look at one of these trademark classes - class 16.

What is International Class 16 All About?

Each class has a short title heading that gives a snapshot of what that class is all about -- IC 16's short title is paper goods and printed matter. But, as with anything trademark, there's more to it than that.

Anything that's made of paper or is printed is in IC 16, which includes things like posters, journals, greeting cards, art prints, magazines, books, calendars and on and on.

What about Book Titles?

This is a caveat worth exploring a bit. Titles of a single creative work are not protected by trademark law; however, trademark registration may be possible if the title is used on a series of creative works. Let's delve into this a bit further.

Single creative works consist of materials where the content does not change, such as a book, a DVD, downloadable songs and a film. Single creative works do not include periodically issued publications, such as magazines, newsletters, brochures, comic books, comic strips or printed classroom materials, because the content of these works change with each issue.

When it comes to titles for a book series, the rationale is the same. While the title stays the same, the content changes. Take a look at the filing for Ring of Fates, part of The Final Fantasy catalog: "a series of books featuring fictional stories and/or fantasy stories."

What Else is in International Class 16?

The USPTO has 1515 accepted descriptions that fit into IC 16; check them out here.

Seems like with any of these trademark classes, there always seems to be the oddball item or two and IC 16 is no exception. Here are a few items living in IC 16 that seem to be a bit off kilter:

• cd shredders for home or office use
• globes
• cosmetic pencil sharpeners and removing paper
• money clips

Shannon Moore is the General Manager for TradeMark Express. Since 1992, TradeMark Express has met the needs of their clients with comprehensive research, application preparation, attorney referrals and trademark consultation. For further details, please visit us on the web at TradeMark Express or call Shannon directly at 800.340.2010.

The Goods Of Givenchy

2009-11-09T02:35:00.001-08:00

Givenchy is a famous French brand specializing in clothes accessories, cosmetics and perfumes. It was started in the year 1952 by the designer Hubert de Givenchy. John Galliano took over the reigns as designer, but soon he was substitute by Alexander McQueen.

Givenchy also undertook some changes in leadership in the year 2000 when designer Julien McDonald took over as artistic director of the women's lines, and Ozwald Boateng being selected designer for men's range. Givenchy clothing lines consist of haute couture plus ready-to-wear fashion for both men and women.

The management for the haute couture plus the ready-to-wear for women was given to Riccardo Tisci. He assumed the post as chief creator of women's' wear in 2005. His fondness for gothic inspired designs and space-age styles has attracted people to the brand. While Tisci has earned mixed reviews, many fashion insiders have hailed Tisci's conceptual leanings. Many also think that Tisci has the potential to revitalize the Givenchy brand with his excellent designs and imagination.

The most popular patron of the Givenchy line was Audrey Hepburn. She used Givenchy clothes and accessories in many of her movies like Breakfast at Tiffany's and Sabrina. Other popular clients of the line were Grimaldi and Kennedy families. They wore Givenchy clothes during the funeral of the late President John F. Kennedy.

The Givenchy brand is owned by the European luxury goods firm LVMH. The company posted total sales amounting to $176 million, putting it the most profitable apparel line of the LVMH group next to Dior.

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Determinants of Demand

2009-11-08T02:25:00.001-08:00

The business environment is always volatile because it is affected by the supply and demand of the marketplace. There are many factors that can contribute to the demand in the market and this demand will likewise also affect the supply. It is important to look into each of these factors to be able to cope up with changes. One of the most important determinants of demand is the income of the customer. When the income of the customer falls then his ability to purchase goods and service is affected.

Another factor that influences the demand for a product is the prices of related goods. For example, if the price of an apple falls for one particular season then you can expect the customers to buy more apples during that time frame even if they are used to buying banana. In this regard, the banana industry suffers because the customers buy the apples because of the low price.

Still another determinant of demand is the shifting taste of the market. Sometimes, there are trends in the market the drives the demand of some products up while sometimes it would adversely affect the demand in the market. The taste of individuals themselves can reflect on the overall demand of the market. If some customers prefer chocolate more than coffee then you can expect the demand of chocolate to be a lot more significant compared to coffee.

Your expectations in the future are also likely to affect the demand for a particular good or service right now. For example, if you are expecting to earn a lot of money in the near future then you will most likely be more inclined to spend today. On the other hand, if you expect to encounter several financial difficulties in the near future then your demand for products and services then you are likely to save your money right now.

Even the number of buyers in the market has will have an overall effect on the demand because they will drive up the production of these goods. The prices of these goods will also be dependent on the demand which is created by the number of buyers.

As you can see, there are many determinants of demand and as a business owner; you should know each of these determinants individually and thoroughly. This is because you are in an industry that is highly dependent on the demands of the market. Every business in the world needs to follow the trends and where the demand in the market is going in order to survive. The enumerated determinants of demands are just some of the things that will affect the demand, there are still other factors that may affect the demand more than you though possible.

Cherie Ang is the owner of SGProfitSite.com. To find the best home based business ideas and opportunities so you can work at home visit: http://www.SGProfitSite.com

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International Fraud Rings - The Goods

2009-11-07T01:55:00.001-08:00

I opened up my one reply to an ad I'd posted online in Texas. As a book publishing company, free ads online always make sense. But with a sinking gut, I once again found the same old scam sitting right in front of me and that's why this article is called 'the new bane to small business--the hustle'. How could it not be?

Let me take you back in time. Go back six months. I was minding my own business when I first received an email back asking for my product. The instructions in it were unreasonable. I was to be sent a sum of money to cover shipping of my product up front but they would pick up the products (these were undefined) at my location and take care of all that. The overage...as in the difference between what they paid and what my products were worth would be refunded to them via Western Union. Dismissing it as a poorly written email that probably didn't have much reality in truth, I just put it away and after a week or two I deleted it.

Three months later, I received a money order to my business in the sum of three thousand dollars. Sounds good? I wanted to know if it was real so I took it to my bank account and asked that very same question to the bank teller. I told her if it was I wanted all the money today. She brought over the manager who asked if I had a relationship with this person. I said 'no'. He said that what happens is businesses are sent fraudulent money orders, probably printed in the basement and that person goes to a bank to cash it. Later, the money order is proven fraudulent. In the meantime, the business has refunded money to the people.

When I later explained this scam to family and friends and other business associates, they said, 'well then they don't make much money'. But I pointed out that if their amount of money made exceeded the thirty cents to print an official money order, then they've made their money. They make it back when you Western Union the money back to them.

When I was contacted by email, I emailed back the person (who again had poor English skills) that I had turned over the money order to the police and that our police work dilligently with Interpol. Never heard from him again nor the bogus company.

I have since been sent this type of email and since they are sent over and over again, asking for whatever product to be sent and of course the whole wire back the overage amount idea again. In one case, I was in a match with a woman who for all intensive purposes was Chinese due to the downshift on some of the words. When I pointed out to her that she was perpetrating a scam, she said, "how dare I and all that". And then, she went away.

So the next time I received one of these from Malawi. I told the person by email that our company wouldn't allow anyone to arrange their own shipping. Standards, you know. And that in fact, unless it was directly purchased online that International customers were out of luck. Never heard from him again.

So then the next one came along and that one I pointed out that Canadian money orders are help for five weeks by banks and that our company once again did not do any international trade without using the convenient internet tools for purchasing through Paypal.

Never heard from that person again.

I guess at some point, I realized that there were just too many of these international scammers, trying to make a buck of businesses so I stopped responding. When I opened the one from a Texas site I had posted a classifieds site on, I had the usual sinking feeling and just deleted it.

These are my suggestions for dealing with these type of emails based on experience:

If you want to reply just to make sure they are not a serious customer, then respond by putting up your own stipulations. Most of these emails have all kinds of stipulations of how the business will be done. Make up your own.

It can be similar to the ones I've come up with.

*We don't allow customers to pay for the shipping of their own products.

*We require all products to be bought online.

*Canadian banks or U.S. banks hold money orders for X amount of days. You can find this out by going to a bank.

*We don't use wire services to refund overages. We require that you pay the right amount.

*Transactions of this nature take two months to ensure that money orders are not fraudulent.

If a person on the email becomes abusive in anyway toward you, don't respond to that email. Possibly forward it onto your local police department. They may forward it onto the National Task Force that is supposed to be cracking down on internet fraud.

It is important not to get into a match with someone because they really aren't worth your time. They are not a legitimate customer so why not block their email from reaching your inbox?

Remember to questions any money orders sent to you for excessive amount of money and always have the bank hold the money order for the amount of days they specify without spending a penny. Just think, a few three thousand dollar money orders that turn out to be fraudulent could really put a damper on your business.

If it seems too good to be true, it more than likely is.

Take care of yourself out there and good luck.

This report is brought to you by Robyn Whyte, CEO of Stargazer Press. Come to our website to see quality novels and educational resources, including the famous Star Gazer's Guided Reading Kit for K-3. http://www.stargazerpress.com

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Consumer Protection In India

2009-11-06T01:40:00.001-08:00

Introduction

Consumers play a vital role in the economic system of a nation because in the absence of effective demand that emanates from them, the economy virtually collapses. Mahatma Gandhi said, "A consumer is the most important visitor on our premises. He is not dependent on us, we are on him. He is not an interruption to our work, he is the purpose of it. We are not doing a favour to a consumer by giving him an opportunity. He is doing us a favour by giving us opportunity to serve him. But, of late, unfortunately cheating by way of overcharging, black marketing, misleading advertisements, etc has become the common practice of greedy sellers and manufacturers to make unreasonable profits. In this context, it is the duty of the government to confer some rights on consumers to safeguard their interests.

CONSUMER RIGHTS

1. Right to Safety: The right to be protected against goods which are hazardous to life and property.

2. Right to Information: The right to be informed about the quality, quantity, purity, price and standards of goods.

3. Right to Choose: The right to be assured access to a variety of products at competitive prices, without any pressure to impose a sale, i.e., freedom of choice.

4. Right to be Heard: The right to be heard and assured that consumer interests will receive due consideration at appropriate forums.

5. Right to Seek Redressal: The right to get relief against unfair trade practice or exploitation.

6. Right to Education: The right to be educated about rights of a consumer.

Protection of Consumer Rights

Consumer protection means safeguarding the rights and interests of consumers. It includes all the measures aimed at protecting the rights and interests of consumers.
Consumers need protection due to the following reasons:

1. Illiteracy and Ignorance: Consumers in India are mostly illiterate and ignorant. They do not understand their rights. A system is required to protect them from unscrupulous businessmen.

2. Unorganised Consumers: In India consumers are widely dispersed and are not united. They are at the mercy of businessmen. On the other hand, producers and traders are organized and powerful.

3. Spurious Goods: There is increasing supply of duplicate products. It is very difficult for an ordinary consumer to distinguish between a genuine product and its imitation. It is necessary to protect consumers from such exploitation by ensuring compliance with prescribed norms of quality and safety.

4. Deceptive Advertising: Some businessmen give misleading information about quality, safety and utility of products. Consumers are misled by false advertisement and do not know the real quality of advertised goods. A mechanism is needed to prevent misleading advertisements.

5. Malpractices of Businessmen: Fraudulent, unethical and monopolistic trade practices on the part of businessmen lead to exploitation of consumers. Consumers often get defective, inferior and substandard goods and poor service. Certain measures are required to protect the consumers against such malpractices.

6. Freedom of Enterprise: Businessmen must ensure satisfaction of consumers. In the long run, survival and growth of business is not possible without the support and goodwill of consumers. If business does not protect consumers' interests, Government intervention and regulatory measures will grow to curb unfair trade practices.

7. Legitimacy for Existence: Business exists to satisfy the needs and desires of consumers. Goods are produced with the purpose of selling them. Goods will, in the long run, sell only when they meet the needs of consumers.

8. Trusteeship: Businessmen are trustees of the society's wealth. Therefore, they should use this wealth for the benefit of people.

Methods of Consumer Protection

There are four main methods of protecting the interests of consumers:

1. Business Self-regulation: The business community itself can help in achieving consumer protection and satisfaction through self -discipline. Businessmen can regulate their own behaviour and actions by adopting higher ethical standards. Trade associations and chambers of commerce can check unfair trade practices used by some businessmen.

2. Consumer Self-help: Every consumer must be alert as self-help is the best help. He should educate himself and know his rights. He should not allow unscrupulous businessmen to cheat him.

3. Consumers' Associations: Consumers should form voluntary associations. These associations can educate and awaken consumers. They can take organized action and put pressure on businessmen to adopt fair trade practices.

4. Government Regulations: The State can ensure consumer protection through legislative, executive and judicial actions. The laws enacted by the Government must be strictly enforced by the executive. Government of India has enacted several laws to protect the interests and rights of consumers. Some of these laws are as follows:

• The Essential Commodities Act, 1955 which aims to regulate and control the production, supply and distribution and prices of essential commodities.

• The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 which aims to check adulteration in food items and eatables.

• The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 which seeks to ensure purity and quality in drugs and cosmetics.

• The Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1956 which aims at ensuring that consumers get the right weight and measurement in products.

• The Household Electrical Appliances (Quality Control) Order, 1976 which seeks to ensure safety and quality in the manufacture of electrical appliances.

• The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 which seeks to provide speedy and inexpensive redressal to the grievances of consumers.

THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 1986

The Act provides following remedies to an aggrieved consumer:

• Removal of defects in goods or deficiency in service.

• Replacement of defective goods with new goods of similar description which shall be free from any defect.

• Return of price paid by the consumer.

• Payment of compensation for any loss or injury suffered by the consumer.

• Discontinue the restrictive, or unfair trade practice, and not to repeat it.

• Withdraw the hazardous goods from being offered for sale and not to offer them for sale.

• Provide for adequate cost to the aggrieved party.

The Consumer Production Act provides for a threetier system of redressal agencies: one at district level known as District Forum, second at state level known as 'State Commission', and third at national level known as 'National Commission'. A complaint is to be made to the district forum of the concerned district where the value of goods and services and compensation, if any, is up to Rs 20 lakhs, to the 'State Commission' between Rs 20 lakhs and Rs 100 lakhs, and to the National Commission for more than Rs 100 lakhs. Interestingly, there is provision for appeals against the orders of a particular redessal forum by the aggrieved party before the next higher echelon and even from the findings of the National Commission before the Supreme Court.

Conclusion

Invariably, consumers are a vulnerable lot for exploitation, more so in a developing country with the prevalence of mass poverty and illiteracy. India too is no exception to it. Instances like overcharging, black marketing, adulteration, profiteering, lack of proper services in trains, telecommunication, water supply, airlines, etc are not uncommon here. From time to time, the government has attempted to safeguard consumer's interests through legislations and the CPA 1986 is considered as the most progressive statute for consumer protection. Procedural simplicity and speedy and inexpensive redressal of consumer grievances as contained in the CPA are really unique and have few parallels in the world. Implementation of the Act reveals that interests of consumers are better protected than ever before. However, consumer awareness through consumer education and actions by the government, consumer activists, and associations are needed the most to make consumer protection movement a success in the country.

Dr. GOMATHI VISWANATHAN

Rejection Of Goods In Hawaii Under The Uniform Commercial Code

2009-11-05T01:35:00.001-08:00

Under the Uniform Commercial Code UCC, a breach of a sales contract may occur when a seller delivers non-conforming goods to the buyer. It is the buyer's burden of proof to establish this breach once goods are accepted. H.R.S. 490:2-601. Upon delivery and acceptance of goods, the buyer is obligated to pay the contract price to the seller. H.R.S. 490:2-401. Specifically, tender of delivery requires that the seller place and hold conforming goods at the buyer's disposition and give the buyer any notification reasonably necessary to enable him to take delivery. H.R.S. 490:2-503.

Upon delivery of a non-conforming good by the seller, the buyer has three options;

1) reject the goods,

2) accept the goods,

3) accept any commercial unit and reject the rest. H.R.S. § 490:2-601. For a buyer to adequately reject the goods, the goods must be truly non-conforming or the rejection will be considered wrongful and may give the seller “immediate remedies for breach.” H.R.S. §490:2-602 including comments.

A buyer may reject goods if they “fail in any respect to conform to the contract.” (H.R.S § 490:2-601) But that rejection “must be within a reasonable time after their delivery or tender”, and the buyer must “seasonably notif[y] the seller.” H.R.S. § 490:02-602. The importance of this provision cannot be overemphasized. A buyers failure to timely reject nonconforming goods has been found to constitute a waiver of the right of rejection. Also to be effective, a rejection requires a “clear and unequivocal act,” and not merely a request for cure. Matrix v Jolie, 2005 WL 1074774 at 6 (N.Y.City Civ.Ct., 2005), citing Hooper Handling, Inc. v. Jonmark Corp., 267 A.D.2d 1075, 1076 (N.Y.A.D. 4th Dept., 1999); Sears Roebuck & Co. v. Galloway, 195 A.D.2d 825, 827 (N.Y.A.D. 3d Dep., 1993).

The notice of rejection must be "clear and unequivocal". A buyer's “mere complaints” about the goods were not sufficient notice of rejection. If the buyer does not reject the goods pursuant to H.R.S. §490:2-602, then the buyer is deemed to have accepted the goods. H.R.S. §490:2-602. Moreover, the buyer’s use of the goods and failure to return the goods regardless of his “mere complaints” constituted acceptance. Maggio Importato, Inc. v Cimitron, Inc. 189 A.D.2d at 664. Mere complaints also are ineffective in revocation of acceptance. Swift Spinning Mills v. B&H Apparel, 2003 WL 942610 at 2 (S.D.N.Y., 2003) (“Although [buyer] may have informed [seller] that the denim streaked, there is no evidence that it revoked its prior acceptance. All denim has defects, and if a buyer wants to revoke acceptance of a fabric, it has to involve more than merely complaining of those defects.”).

This rule is also supported by H.R.S. §490:2-605 which requires a buyer to “state in connection with rejection, a particular defect” or risk waiving his objection to acceptance.

The UCC is a road map for buyers and sellers to follow in the event they have a dispute involving a contract for the sale of goods. A buyer or seller should state their objections to a transaction clearly, unequivocally and in writing. If it is cost efficient, consult with your attorney before proceeding. Retain copies of everything. These days, copies of email communication can be as valuable as any other writing. If you have any doubt whether it should be saved, print it out and show it to your lawyer.

Hawaii trial attorney Philip R. Brown has over twenty years experience in civil litigation. Mr. Brown has the highest legal ability/ethical rating in Martindale-Hubbell and may be found in the Bar Register of Preeminent Lawyers under the subject matters Civil Trial Practice, Commercial Litigation, and Personal Injury. His website is http://www.hawaii-attorney.net

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7 Tips For Your First Flea Market Or Car Boot Sale

2009-11-04T01:25:00.001-08:00

In the current economic climate more and more people are turning to Flea Markets and Car Boot Sales both as a source of bargain and as a market for unwanted goods.

The increased popularity of such events has meant that more and more people are becoming first time sellers at these sales.

Your first event can either be a really enjoyable and profitable venture or it could be such a bad experience that it puts you off for life. Much of the success or failure will be down to the preparations that you make before the event. There are 7 tips which could help you if you are contemplating becoming a seller.

1. Be realistic with your pricing.

There are two simple mistakes anyone can make when it comes to pricing your goods for sale. You can ask too much or you can practically give away your goods. It all comes down to supply and demand. For instance you might be able to sell a modern cell phone with lots of features for 50% or more of its original price. But a book on Nuclear Thermo Dynamics may only sell for a few pence even if it was originally price at $50.

Balance your need top get rid of the goods with your desire to make as much profit as you can from the event.

2. Have a Float.

Make sure that you have plenty of small notes and change as a float. Most buyers will not have the correct money and if you cannot give change you could easily lose a sale.

3. Bags

You should also have a supply of bags that your customers can use to take their purchases away with them.

4. Strong Table

At many events you will be required to provide your own table and you should ensure that it is strong enough for the job. On several occasions I have seen flimsy tables sagging in the middle and the goods ending up on the ground. This can be very expensive if you have a lot of breakables on display.

5. Be prepared for the weather

Unless you live in one of those areas of perpetual sunshine you should be prepared for a rain shower. You need weather protection for yourself and your goods. An umbrella for you and a large polythene sheet to put over your table will be ideal.

6. Food and Drink
At some events there is catering available on site but at others you may have bring your own. As sales can last for several hours you could find yourself needing something to eat and drink.

7. Stay Sharp

Whilst most people are basically honest there are rogues in our society. Do not have expensive small items on display at the front of your table where they can easily be pocketed. Do not have a cash box and keep money out of sight
whenever possible and be vigilant.

Selling at Flea Markets and Car Boot sales can be an enjoyable way to make some extra money. With some preparation and thought you can make it an even better experience.

Another option is to sell your unwanted goods on eBay. To learn about Selling on eBay and learn the latest eBay news Click Here.

The Difference Between Public Storage and Self Storage

2009-11-03T01:20:00.001-08:00

In the past, public storage was more common than it is today. With public storage facilities, such as train stations, bus depots, and even airports, goods were not as privately stored as that in self-controlled self-service units. Public storage is, as its name implies, storage at a public facility. There is no freedom for the user of the unit to enter the facility at will after closing times. There is also less freedom in the kind of goods that you can store in a public facility. Just a suspicion that you are storing something illegal allows the management to enter your unit at their discretion.

Self-storage, on the other hand, is more private with users holding their own keys and locks. Many gates are operational as early as 6 a.m. and as late as 9 p.m., even on most holidays. It's rare for management to enter a unit unless the user of the unit has not paid the monthly rent. They have confirmation that the user is storing illegal goods in the unit. This privacy element is what makes self-storage units more popular with people than public storage. Add that to the size of the units in question - self-storage units are large enough to store furniture and appliances. Most public storage units are not, unless you are renting units in a public warehouse facility. Though these types of public storage units do exist, they are customarily for the benefit of businesses rather than individuals.

Self-storage units are much more convenient, since users have the ability to enter their units earlier in the day and later at night. This convenience even allows those with small businesses to storage their goods in their unit. For example, someone may have a vending route for which he rents his truck and buys his own products. The storage units are much cheaper than having to buy a store or warehouse in which to store the goods. It is more economical than a public storage unit, since it would likely be necessary to lease a unit much larger.

Self-storage units are more versatile, since they come in several different sizes, allowing for use by both businesses and individuals. The set up of self-storage allows larger vehicles to enter and bring the items to be stored right to the door of the storage unit. Thus, in reality, the convenience is enhanced when one can use a self-storage unit. Many public storage facilities are no longer even available, such as those at airports. In the past, people who use airport or bus terminal public storage units to transport illegal goods such as drugs or even for the drop bags of money for illegal purposes. Many of these are either closed or highly scrutinized to the point that many people fear putting anything in them, les they be ransacked by management of the storage facility. That doesn't mean that self-storage units allow illegal activities. It just means that they are not as likely to search a unit without cause as a public storage facility is.

Migson storage offers low cost self storage rooms. Provides public storage facilities for businesses and individuals.

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Overview of Trademark Law

2009-11-02T01:10:00.001-08:00

Trademark law gives companies the exclusive right to use a given name or design, called a “mark,” for the purpose of identifying the source the of that company’s goods or services. Trademark law is an incentive-based system. Because it gives companies the exclusive right to use a mark in connection with certain goods or services, the company can create a brand that is recognizable by the consuming public. That trademark would be associated with and incorporated into every advertisement the company runs for its goods or services. Repetition of those advertisements containing the trademark causes consumers to associate the mark with the goods and, with enough repetition, consumers buy the goods.

A brief, but related, digression. We all know that if you see a product advertised frequently enough, the product will sell. You might even be one of the people who buys the product. The thinking process by which you reached the decision to buy the product is not an intellectual, logical process. It’s a function of the way the human mind works. Continually hearing a repeated message makes the message more familiar, more real, and, eventually, more true. As the adage says, “even the boldest lie becomes the truth if you scream it loud enough and long enough.” I call this the “Lie = Truth” Adage. Sadly, I frequently encounter the “Lie = Truth” Adage in litigation. I also know of some politicians and terrorist masterminds who are experts at exploiting this fact of human nature.

Back to trademarks. The advertising departments at most companies know the “Lie = Truth” Adage can be very successful in advertising. The cynic would pump his fist in the air yell “Down with the corporations, and power to the people! All the corporations care about is taking our money at all costs!” While we can point to some recent examples that might make it challenging to argue against this viewpoint, as to the overwhelming, vast majority of companies, that view simply cannot be supported.

Trademark law creates very strong incentives for companies to make the highest quality product possible and to advertise their merits and attributes accurately. Aside from the fact that companies invest anywhere from tens of thousands to millions of dollars into their trademark(s), all it takes is one bad product line to tarnish a companies image in the mind of the consumers who buy their products. Both of these factors hit companies where it hurts them most: in the pocketbook. So, while companies clearly have to perform a balancing act of creating a high quality product, keeping costs down, and pulling in as many purchasers as possible, they have very strong incentives to create a quality product that they will associate with their trademark.

To be eligible for any level of trademark protection, a mark must be “distinctive” and not merely “descriptive” of the goods or services. Whether a mark is distinctive and “how” distinctive or strong the mark is can be determined by a sliding scale. Marks can be (1) fanciful; (2) arbitrary; (3) suggestive; (4) descriptive; or (5) generic. Whether a particular mark is protected by trademark law depends on the strength category into which it falls.

A fanciful mark is one that is invented for the sole purpose of being a trademark. For example, EXXON is a fanciful mark. It is a word that does not exist in the English language and was created only for the purpose of identifying the oil and gas company.

An arbitrary mark is typically an existing word that is arbitrarily applied to a product or service that has nothing to do with the word. For example, the mark APPLE as applied to sales of computers.

A suggestive mark is a mark that suggests a quality or characteristic of the goods or services. Suggestive marks require some level of imagination to bridge the connection between the mark and the product. For example, the mark PENGUIN as applied to refrigerators.

A descriptive mark is a word that merely describes a quality or characteristic of a product. Descriptive marks are not entitled to trademark protection unless they have obtained “secondary meaning” under the trademark law. An example of a descriptive mark would be LIGHT to identify a lightweight notebook computer.

A generic mark simply identifies by name a particular product. Generic marks are never entitled to trademark protection. An example of a descriptive mark would be MODEM in connection with modem sales. If trademark protection were allowed in this instance, the company could essentially remove the word “modem” from the English language.

Henry J. Fasthoff, IV
Principal & General Counsel
HoustonBusiness.com

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The Benefits of Bartering Goods and Services Between Private Individuals

2009-11-01T01:00:00.001-07:00

Bartering is not a new concept. It's been around probably for as long as man has walked the earth. In fact, long before money existed people traded goods for services or services for other services. That's how commerce took place.

Today, bartering is as popular as it has ever been, particularly among small businesses that are often strapped for cash. The internet features hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of barter exchange websites that have been set up to help small, struggling businesses survive and even thrive by providing a way for them to access needed goods or services they might not otherwise be able to afford.

The owner of a shoe store may trade a pair of loafers to the dentist for a check-up and a teeth whitening treatment if both are members of the same barter exchange and have access to one another. An interior decorator may barter her professional service for a pair of stylish earrings and the transaction, without the exchange of any money, will be helpful to both businesses.

But bartering is not exclusive to small businesses. It is also commonplace today among ordinary consumers - private citizens. That's because the depressed economic climate has left many people short of funds, without employment or facing other hardships. Many regular folks just don't have the money needed to buy the goods or services they want or need. But, they often have something they can trade.

Barter exchange websites exist for consumers, too. And every day more and more people with access to computers are joining these websites and taking full advantage of the opportunities that exist on them. In fact, online communities like Craigslist and Swap Thing provide environments that encourage members to trade goods and services without any movement of money. Not a single dime changes hands.

These websites are adding members daily ... lots of them. Just recently, Craigslist had a whopping 142,000 postings offering everything for exchange except the kitchen sink. And it's actually possible that was available, as well.

Swap Thing is even more engaged. It generally has up to a phenomenal 35 million listings of everything from school clothes to school books ... vacations to home rentals ... labor for merchandise ... and on and on and on.

Does it really work for people who commit themselves to the idea? The answer is a resounding yes, particularly in these economically-depressed times when money problems are common in many households.

Consider the case of a woman I will call Rachel (not her real name). She and her husband Ted (not his real name, either) live in a Midwestern city and have always dreamed of vacationing in Cape Cod. For Rachel, in particular, it's been a lifelong dream. And Rachel and Ted were finally going to realize that dream ... until they found out that decent lodging in the area would cost about $200 a night, somewhat beyond their vacation budget. In most cases, that shortness of available cash would absolutely squelch any chance of the vacation becoming a reality.

However, given the current proliferation of barter exchange websites for consumers, Rachel seized upon an idea. She advertised her husband Ted's professional accounting services in exchange for lodging for 3 or 4 nights in a Cape Cod hotel, motel or similar kind of lodging. The posting appeared on Craigslist and, as a result, Rachel and Ted will be able to enjoy their Cape Cod vacation - cost-free.

There are, of course, thousands of other examples of successful swaps or barter exchanges between consumers in which each party to the exchange ended up a winner. In fact, each year, as summer ends and fall arrives - along with the beginning of a new school year -- many hard-pressed moms are able to trade a coveted service for school uniforms for their school-age kids. That, of course, saves a costly trip to the clothing store. Parents and older kids, especially those already in college, enjoy trading for school textbooks which any advanced student knows tends to be alarmingly expensive.

Clearly, barter works as well for individual consumers as it does for small businesses. And, as is true for small businesses, the consumer who engages in bartering meets many new friends (businesspeople meet and get many new customers) ... enjoys a transaction in which he or she almost always wins ... and develops a pastime (or habit) that often turns into a compelling passion.

There is more for ordinary consumers to like about bartering, as well. It provides a real opportunity to move and rid yourself of old, dust-collecting items (just as would happen if you conducted a yard sale) ... enjoy the true fun that comes from trading (you'll be like a "kid in a candy store") ... and, of course, when you trade or barter, you save money. That is particularly meaningful now, in these difficult economic times.

What's more, you may also be able to acquire goods that you've always wanted, but could never afford (such as expensive, if slightly-used, luxury items, including clothing and jewelry, exotic vacations or great electronic merchandise for your home)... or services, including health or cosmetic care and treatment ... or professional services, such as accounting, tax returns, even legal advice just because you're a member of a website exchange community=2 0and you're willing to give up something to get something in return - with absolutely no exchange of cash.

So now you need to ask yourself: is bartering something that I can enjoy and profit from? If you're like millions of other people, the answer is probably yes. And even if you are someone who stands apart from the crowd, the answer is still likely to be yes. Bartering is a social experience ... and generally quite enjoyable for those who participate in it. In all likelihood, it is something you will enjoy for its social aspects and profit from, as well, because it will enable you to acquire needed goods and services without the use of your hard-earned money.

Writer strongly suggests: http://www.BarterExchange.com

A Rundown On Logistics Vs Transportation

2009-10-31T01:50:00.001-07:00

Two of the most important sectors that help move a country's economy are logistics and transportation. Both are important cogs in the wheels of economy since they help bring in and distribute goods and materials. For example, if there is shortage of wheat and rice in Malaysia or Vietnam, other South Asian nations can help in providing supplies to satisfy the need.

Logistics and transportation are two words closely related to each other. As a matter of fact, with the example given previously, both processes are done hand in hand. But the question is can one really survive without the other? Or is there no absolute difference between the two and that both logistics and transportation are referring to the same entity?

Transportation refers to the means of distributing goods, supplies, resources, information, people, and energy from the original point to the destination point using any of the five modes of transport: animal-drive, air, road, rail, and water, or a combination thereof. Since transportation is concerned only with moving the supplies, someone has to take care of handing, packaging, managing the time the goods are fetched and delivered, and maintaining coordination, especially when inter-modal or a combination of two or more transport modes is used. That's when logistics comes in.

Logistics is defined as the process of managing goods, supplies, resources, information, people, and even energy from the source to the user. Any country can testify how important logistics is for its health. Logistics is not just a company that gets your airmails delivered promptly. Logistics is found in every department of a government, from the military to health agency, from education to infrastructure agency, and of course, the time-conscious world of commerce. This application of logistics is more popularly known as business logistics.

Business logistics, unlike military logistics where the concern is focused more on speed and quantity, is more concentrated on delivering the exact item, at the ideal time and place, at an ideal price, using an efficient amount of energy, man power, and financial resource. It is the business of most couriers in the world.

While most couriers have their own vehicles, such as air planes, ocean jets, trucks, and ferries, it is not really necessary for business logisticians to have their own means of transportation. In cases like this, trucking or shipping service providers are hired to distribute the commodities.

For example, in sending goods to a country where air travel is not available, the courier gets the services of a shipping company, and additionally, a trucker to help in delivering the goods once the ship has arrived. The courier has the responsibility to choose which ship and truck provides the fastest yet efficient handling of the supplies. A courier might also need a place of storage or a warehouse company, especially when there is a need to stock the goods while waiting for the trucker. Most shipping companies, however, do have their own warehouses.

Just lately, truckers and shipping companies have begun adapting logistics as part of their business operation. This raises the question then as to which service to avail of when sending goods. Should one go for logistics or transportation companies?

Whether one chooses logistics over transportation, the answer will have no difference. See, even transport companies employ logistics to their business operations. Both indeed must go hand in hand in order to achieve secure and efficient delivery goods.

If you are interested in logistics vs transportation, check this web-site to learn more about transportation vs transportation.

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Five Tips For Selling Digital Goods On Ebay

2009-10-30T01:40:00.001-07:00

Selling digital items, such as special reports and ebooks though eBay is one of the best ways to build an online business. With no inventory or postage costs, you could find yourself with a very profitable business within days. Here are five tips for selling digital items.

1 - Open an eBay Shop Or Store

Store and Shop Inventory is always cheaper, and allows for a longer listings - upto ninety days. Being cheaper than Buy-It-Now options, once your store is established you'll find a lot of sales come this way.

2 - BONUS!

What's in it for me? Why should a bidder, consider bidding for your item rather than an alterative seller offering the same item. Make sure they've a good reason to bid for yours by including a free product that is relevant to the one your selling.

3 - Rights

Can you offer resell rights with your product? Make sure this is clearly indicated within the eBay listing.

4 - Ebay Format

Ebay offers three formats for selling, Auction, Buy-It-Now and Store Inventory. Auctions and Buy-It-Now gets the most exposure so be certain to offer these. Often bidders would rather pay a bit more and use Buy-It-Now, than wait until the end of the auction and risk losing it.

5 - Delivery

Ebooks are always delivered digitally whether though a download location or attached to an email. Make it clear within your Ebay listing how & when the item will be delivered. If you use software or a script that allows products to be delivered instantly after payment be sure to specify that so your customer can use it sooner.

Written by Mark Kenny. Join http://www.AuctionCUT.com - the online auctions and ebay forum Come and discuss your eBay or online auction goals, with Mark and other members. AuctionCUT offers ad revenue sharing for members and an exclusive dropshipping report.

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XEROX Trademark -Prevent Brand Genericide With Proper Use

2009-10-29T01:35:00.001-07:00

Internet entrepreneurs often fail to learn and observe the basic rules to INSURE valuable intellectual property rights, including their trademarks and brand names. Learn the proper rules of trademark usage lest you awake to learn that your most valuable business asset has been lost.

Rule No. 1: A generic term is not a trademark.

Already have a headache? Take an aspirin. Yes, once a trademark, now a fallen victim to genericide.

Several important concepts as to "generic" usage and its impact upon brand equity should be learned. We will have some fun in this and the article to follow with some examples, some of which will surprise you.

1. A "coined" term for an Innovative Product. Even a strong, coined mark such as XEROX or GOOGLE can suffer impairment of rights, or in the worst case, extinction without proper attention to Use of the mark, both in advertising, and by the public. This is mostly likely to happen with a product that did not previously exist, since the public has no generic point of reference for the new goods or services being offered to them. As a result, without constant vigilance, the terms can become identified not with the brand owner as the source identifier for the goods or services, but with the services and goods themselves. The pictured ad from XEROX focuses upon informing the pubic as to the proper generic terms to associate with their products, and maintains the focus upon XEROX as a brand.

2. Terms Already Generic. On the other hand, some terms like "Brassiere" were generic to begin with, and no well-advised client should Select much less Use such a term as a trademark. Generic terms are not trademarks, and never will be. Select wisely before one begins Use, since efforts to Register and Enforce may be in vain.

Use of generic and descriptive terms in domain names is also a major issue. Clients are often told by big shot Internet Marketing Gurus to Select domains which are generic or which describe the goods or services. While may be a great domain for searching and marketing sex, it will never be a brand.

3. Pictures of Generic Products. A photo of a zipper, a generic product, can not function as a trademark. XEROX is known for its efforts to teach others how to properly use its XEROX mark. Their recent ad showing a photo of a zipper made this point perfectly. (See resource box for link to picture).

4. Generic Terms Used in a Arbitrary or Distinctive Manner. Terms which are generic for some usages have been held to be valid trademarks when applied differently. Cross reference this point to the types of marks, and Selection. For example "apple" as applied to a type of fruit is generic. As applied to computers, it is "arbitrary." A less obvious example is SIDE DISH, which was held not generic for frozen potatoes even though it would be generic "for food served to accompany a main dish." Confusing, you bet!

Headache? Take some bufferin. Just an example of a trademark held descriptive, not generic. (But that's a topic for another day).

"What's an aspiring Brand Owner to Do?"

1. Use Your Trademark as an Adjective-A Rule For Every Brand

Wise brand owners always use their marks in advertising as an "adjective" in combination with the generic term for the product or service. This is particularly important where the product is new and unique; it runs the risk that "the trademark will become the thing itself." (Aspirin for example). Here's an example of "curiously strong" usage:

ALTOIDS® peppermints

Inclusion of both terms together, with the brand being more distinctive in appearance, reminds the consumer of the generic term, as well as the particular brand of the generic.

2. Monitor Public Usage. Learn from the XEROX trademark program. Efforts do not end with monitoring one's own advertising. Every brand owner must learn the rules and review content but this is simply the beginning. The XEROX usage program goes a step further, and teaches the public at large as to how its mark should be used. It's a subtle reminder not to say, "Can you "Xerox" this for me?" Instead, the generic term is "copy." XEROX is doing a wonderful job of teaching others how to use its mark! You can learn from this, and do the same.

We advise our clients to contact us when they see an article on the Internet that mistakenly uses brand in a generic sense. We write polite letters calling the improper use to the innocent offender's attention. Most people are happy to correct the usage, which if unattended, can lead to genericide.

3. Don't think Generic, think Distinctive. Unless you are certain you can successfully Select and Use a generic term as a trademark for goods and services in an arbitrary fashion (for goods other than the ones they identify generically), "Don't try to Select or Use them to build a brand, period."

4. Re read Rule Number 1 at the beginning of this article.

The BRANDAIDE™ acronym "INSURE" stands for Investigate, Noodle, Select, Use, Register and Enforce. INSURE simply reminds brand owners to constantly monitor the status of brand protection on an ongoing basis, as well as the steps to follow in doing so. It is not easy however to separate Selection from Protection or Use; or any of them from the need for a strong Enforcement program. As a result, there will some overlap among the areas, the law of cause and effect applied to brand protection. Improper advice in one area will adversely impact another, sometimes permanently. As we guide business owners in their quest to build a strong brand this law of cause and effect will be become clear.

Has your anxiety level risen while reading this post? Take some PROZAC®. It is still a trademark and not generic, but a brand!

Are you ready for more? Fill a "Thermos" with "Cola" and Ride a "Hog" up an "Escalator" for some "Primal Therapy."

Cheryl L. Hodgson, J.D.

View XEROX TM: http://brandaideblog.com

Visit us online: http://www.hodgson-law.com

The Intersection Where Trademark Selection Meets Protection

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How to Barter Your Services Profitably

2009-10-28T01:25:00.001-07:00

When starting out as a self-employed service provider, especially in a difficult economy, you are often faced with clients who need your services, want to hire you, but are unable to pay you in cash. In your eagerness to start doing what you really love to do, the temptation to lower your price or give your service away is irresistible - and dangerous.

The danger of giving away your service is that it tends to devalue what you offer in the mind of the receiver. As an alternative, consider non-money transactions such as barter (exchange of goods and services in kind) or pro-bono (as a gift, freely offered).

The advantage of creating a barter or pro-bono arrangement is that you can gain experience right away. Creating momentum around your business is very important, so the more clients you have, the better. The biggest disadvantage is that a barter or pro-bono arrangement can be a trap, because it is very difficult to grow a successful livelihood based only on barter or pro-bono, because there is no positive cash flow. And isn't that why you're in business anyways, to make a living doing what you love?

It is possible to create barter arrangements that work for you and for your client, if you are prudent and clear about what you want. Successful solopreneurs know that they deserve to be well compensated for the results they create for their clients. Here are ten tips to create and maintain a successful barter or pro-bono arrangement that results in a win-win outcome for both you and your client.

1. Barter is a commercial transaction where you accept goods or services in lieu of money.

This is the Golden Rule of successful barter. Barter is a commercial transaction, with all of the privileges and responsibilities attached to it. You simply accept that the client provide you with goods and services instead of cash. You are the supplier, you set a price for your offerings, and the client proposes to compensate you with goods or services of equal value to the cash price you set. You have the final say as to whether what is offered in barter is agreeable to you. You do not have to accept barter or pro-bono.

2. Be choosy, reserve barter or pro-bono for special cases or as a last resort.

For many people, spending money for an intangible result is the hardest act they can do. Make sure that your clients are not offering barter simply because they are not really ready to commit to results, or because they are trying to take advantage of you. If a client is not able or willing to pay money, it is a strong signal that they are not ready to make a real commitment to you, even though they might really need your help. There should be a very compelling reason for you to work with them for barter or pro-bono: a unique situation where you can gain a lot of experience (far more than usual), because working with this client would give you prestige, or because you can build your business on the references that this particular barter work would give you.

3. The client should offer in barter something that you really need.

Does the barter offer replace something or some service that you already use, saving you time, effort and money? If you regularly pay for massage therapy, and a prospective client offers massage therapy in barter for your services, then it is real barter, since you can redirect your money and see real savings. But if you don't ordinarily go to massage therapy, then basically you are giving away your services for nothing (is that how much you value your services?). The most effective barter arrangements provide you with the goods and services that you need, in a way that works for you, first, and the client, second. If what you need is not what the client offers in the normal course of the client's business, then it is up to the client to go out of their way to provide you with something that you really need (see point #4).

4. What the client offers in barter must represent a substantial commitment on their part.

The client should offer something that requires additional time and effort to create specially for you - it must represent a substantial commitment on their part. If your client makes pies and offers you free pie for your services, this is not a substantial commitment on their part, because they will not be as invested in creating results as you are. The barter must represent for them a visible, conscious commitment, but not extreme hardship. When they are providing you with the goods or services, the barter client must be mindful of the real purpose of the barter. Use your judgment. After all, you are giving up time, money and effort, and you are doing them a favor by accepting barter.

5. Keep the barter/pro-bono relationship business-like.

A big pitfall of pro-bono or barter arrangements is that the commercial nature of the transaction tends to get blurred, and emotions become involved. Create a written, signed contract and issue an invoice for the full amount. Have your barter client do the same. The two invoices should cancel out. Then exchange signed, cashable checks made out to each other on the same date (the date of payment). Issue receipts for the transaction, then cash the checks at the same time. Declare the value of barter transaction as income (for what your barter partner paid you) and expense (for what you paid your barter partner). Pay all applicable fees and taxes, this will keep the taxman happy and encourage you to evolve the relationship to a cash basis as soon as possible. You will perceive yourself to have a real business, not a hobby, and your business will grow much faster. Your client will be reminded of the nature of the barter. It will also be easier for you to maintain the professional-client relationship.

6. Measure your effort in the relationship proportionately to the value of the exchange to the client.

What the client offers in barter has value to the client, but not necessarily to you. Your time and energy is limited and valuable to you, but not necessarily to your client. You have to measure the real value of the barter goods in the client's mind, something that the client would not normally think of. Don't make the error of counting the retail value of the barter goods. A fairer assessment would be to consider the wholesale or bulk value of the goods. Make sure you don't give more effort to the client than what they pay for. This does not respect the value you place on yourself, and it cheapens what you have to offer. It then becomes a lose-lose situation that can end in resentment or hurt feelings.

7. At the beginning of the relationship, set a time limit or conditions to the barter or pro-bono.

You are in business to create a livelihood for yourself, so sooner or later you need to convert the barter relationship to cash. At the beginning of the relationship, in the written contract, specify a time limit to the barter relationship (guideline: no more than 60 days), and specific results that must be attained to maintain the barter relationship. Make sure that the conditions lock the client to the results and the time period, considering even a cash penalty payable to you if the client terminates the deal early (remember, you want to make sure the client is fully committed to working with you). Make timelines short and results tangible and measurable. The client has to see the real worth of what you can provide. Finally, the barter agreement should allow you (and only you) to terminate the relationship at anytime or to ask for cash instead of barter at any stage of the transaction.

8. Make it clear paying clients come first, and barter/pro-bono clients second.

You are offering your livelihood to create results for your client. Other clients who are ready to pay money deserve higher priority and attention. You are doing the client a favor by accepting barter, and this arrangement should not limit the growth of your business in any way. Barter clients get the privilege of your surplus time or resources that are not otherwise committed to your paying clients or to yourself. Don't overextend yourself for your barter clients. Actually, this tip should read: yourself first, paying clients second, and barter/pro-bono clients get what's left.

9. Keep control of the situation.

Barter clients are not regular clients. Barter is NOT a two way street: the client is offering goods or services in kind for your services, instead of paying by cash. You do not become a customer of the client because you accept barter. Failing to remember this cheapens the relationship and works against you. Make sure the barter does not get out of hand: you deserve to be well-paid for the results that you create. This is a favor you extend to the barter client. As soon as you see that the barter client is not as committed to the relationship as he/she was at the beginning, you should seriously consider ending the relationship.

10. Create low-cost opportunities for participation for clients who do not have enough cash to pay your full rate.

Create options that can help lots of people at once, in ways that don't require as much investment of your time, money and energy. Options such as teleclasses, free introductory workshops, group coaching, newsletters, etc can still help people who don't have, or are not ready to commit, money for your most valuable services. Clients who spend time in your group activities also become longer term and more valuable customers, since they will get to know you and understand how you operate and what you have to offer. Reserve your most valuable time and energy for clients who are willing to fully commit their time, money and effort to have you help them create powerful results in their lives. Creating a "tiered" structure of offerings will ensure that the right people will come to you at the right time, ready to pay you what you deserve for a successful livelihood. And if this does not satisfy the client, say no and look elsewhere. There are always people who value what you offer and who are ready to pay you the rate you deserve!

Davender Gupta is a business leadership coach and Certified "Book Yourself Solid" Coach whose mission is to guide passion-driven solopreneurs, professionals and people with Big Ideas to accelerate their Vision from Passion to Profit. Join the discussion on his blog frompassiontoprofit.com and his main site coachdavender.com He welcomes your questions by e-mail at coach@davender.com or by phone, toll-free, at 1-888-788-8844.

Get Quality Wholesale Goods For Your Business

2009-10-27T01:20:00.001-07:00

If you want to earn a living selling goods online or you are looking for products for your business, a critical key to your success is knowing how to get quality wholesale goods for your business. Now more and more people want to make money through auction sites like eBay, online stores and offline retail stores. Whatever your reason in looking for product suppliers, it is important that you find the best and legitimate suppliers.

Finding quality wholesale goods for your business could be a real challenge if you do not know how. There are a lot of ways on how to find suppliers like visiting warehouses, trade shows, directly contacting manufacturers and through wholesale directories online.

Wholesale online directories are getting popular now because good online directories perform their own leg work to test, contact and research about the legitimacy of the suppliers before making recommendations and including suppliers on their directory eliminating the risk that you will end up dealing with fraudster. In finding the best directory for quality wholesale goods, here are the things that the best wholesale directory online offers:

Legitimate and authentic suppliers. You will find list of legitimate and trustworthy suppliers. Suppliers range from generic goods to branded goods. You are guaranteed to get quality wholesale goods for your business.

A huge variety of wholesale suppliers. It is like a one stop directory of everything that you need. If you are looking for suppliers of electronic products, clothing, perfumes, jewelry and other niche that you are into, you will surely get the quality wholesale goods that you are looking for.

Caters on small and big businesses. If you are just starting on this business, it is important that you will find suppliers that also cater to beginners or small businesses. You will find suppliers with no minimum order requirements.

Customer service. If you have queries or problems in finding suppliers for a particular product, there is a service team that can help you with your questions and problems.

Forum. The best wholesale directory online has a live forum with thousands of members and power sellers that you can interact with.

Updated list of suppliers. Of course it is important that the directory has updated list of suppliers and you will get suppliers for any product you are planning to sell online or offline.

Do you want to discover the fastest growing sourcing portals on the internet today? If you want access to thousands of product suppliers online and boost your business with quality wholesale goods visit Salehoo

To know more about home business visit Home Business

Gerry Restrivera writes informative articles on various subjects including Discover the Legitimate Wholesale Suppliers Online. You are allowed to publish this article in its entirety provided that author's name, bio and website links must remain intact and included with every reproduction.

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History of Baking

2009-10-26T01:15:00.001-07:00

Baking has been many cultures' favorite technique for creating snacks, desserts, and accompaniments to meals for many years. Now, it is very well-known as the method for creating sweets and all sorts of wondrous mouthwatering pastries. In ancient history, the first evidence of baking occurred when humans took wild grass grains, soaked it in water, and mixed everything together, mashing it into a kind of broth-like paste. Then, the paste was cooked by pouring it onto a flat, hot rock, resulting in a bread-like substance. Later, this paste was roasted on hot embers, which made bread-making easier, as it could now be made anytime fire was created. Around 2500 B.C., records show that the Egyptians already had bread, and may have actually learned the process from the Babylonians. The Greek Aristophanes, around 400 B.C., also recorded information that showed that tortes with patterns and honey flans existed in Greek cuisine. Dispyrus was also created by the Greeks around that time and widely popular; was a donut-like bread made from flour and honey and shaped in a ring; soaked in wine, it was eaten when hot.

In the Roman Empire, baking flourished widely. In about 300 B.C., the pastry cook became an occupation for Romans (known as the pastillarium). This became a very highly respected profession because pastries were considered decadent, and Romans loved festivity and celebration. Thus, pastries were often cooked especially for large banquets, and any pastry cook who could invent new types of tasty treats, unseen at any other banquet, was highly prized. Around 1 A.D., there were more than three hundred pastry chefs in Rome alone, and Cato wrote about how they created all sorts of diverse foods, and flourished because of those foods. Cato speaks of an enormous amount of breads; included amongst these are the libum (sacrificial cakes made with flour), placenta (groats and cress), spira (our modern day flour pretzels), scibilata (tortes), savaillum (sweet cake), and globus apherica (fritters). A great selection of these, with many different variations, different ingredients, and varied patterns, were often found at banquets and dining halls. To bake bread, the Romans used an oven with its own chimney and had grain mills to grind grain into flour.

Eventually, because of Rome, the art of baking became widely known throughout Europe, and eventually spread to the eastern parts of Asia. Bakers often baked goods at home and then sold them in the streets-children loved their goods. In fact, this scene was so common that Rembrandt illustrated a work that depicted a pastry chef selling pancakes in the streets of Germany, and young children surrounding him, clamoring to get a sample. In London, pastry chef sold their goods in handcarts, which were very convenient shops on wheels. This way, they developed a system of "delivery" baked goods to people's households, and the demand for baked goods increased greatly as a result. Finally, in Paris, the first open-air café of baked goods was developed, and baking became an established art throughout the entire world.

Tim Tanis is an independent web publisher.
Also is a working Chef in North Carolina.
For more history visit.
Visit All About Cooking Now!

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The Storing Units For Safekeeping Your Goods

2009-10-25T01:05:00.001-07:00

With the coming of self storage warehouses, storing has become a convenient option for those who need extra space. It is a fact that people who live in rented apartments don't have much extra space to fulfill their storage needs. This type of storehouse gives you an option to store your belongings in a safe place as long as you want to keep them. Even if you have a little more space than required, you would never want your home cluttered up with things.

Self-Storage Services For Businesses

Self storage services can also be availed by business firms and organizations if they have a need to store their extra stock, documents, paper records, important files, and other materials which are required only occasionally. They can also keep the extra stuff that is offered for promotional purposes. The businesses can also keep their sample products in storage units and use them when required. Here, in these facilities easy and convenient access is provided, and depending upon the type of products stored one can avail different types of services as well. Services of storing unit can be used for perishable goods, papers, manufacturing equipment, small machinery and machinery parts, and so on.

To use a self storage facility is an additional leasing space for your office. But you can get a number of services in a storing place which will add on to your cost if you try to do the same in your own facility. You can avail the following services at these units:

* Climate controlled space
* Fire protection
* 24 hours access to the facility
* Locking system only for the owner of the goods stored

Managing Self Storage Facility

When it comes to the importance of self storage facility then management of the facility can be termed as the most important. Nowadays there are a number of storehouse management services available, including self-storage management software. Here are a few advantages of this kind of management software:

* This software greatly reduces the time to notify everything and reduces the labor costs.
* It has a feature of inventory management that helps in maintaining the stock in the facility.
* It helps in the process of storing the items and their retrieval.
* It helps in optimal utilization of the storing space available.

These storehouses can also be called as mini storing facilities which are actually a kind of alternative to the traditional warehouses. These days, storehouses also offer a variety of other services like moving and packing. They also provide transportation service from the storing facility to the place you require to shift to and vice versa.

Additionally, there are other types of facilities that offer climate controlled facilities so that you can keep your things safe. Here in these units you can keep goods like temperature sensitive electronic items, wooden material, leather products, and sensitive fiber goods. To be short and precise, I would say that these facilities offer every kind of service that you are looking for, for your goods.

So, you can make use of these storage facilities without any worries about safety of your goods. If you have a problem with space, then keep your things protected and safe in these self storage units.

Self storage units are designed especially for the storing needs of the businesses and individuals. If you are also facing problems concerned with space then know more about it by visiting http://www.selfstorageblog.com

Best Moving Container Services Worldwide

2009-10-24T01:00:00.001-07:00

If you're moving a small amount of items or moving from an apartment then you are really concerned about the best container shipping company to move your goods. And the most important thing is that you want to choose that service provider who can ensure the timely deliver without damaging your personal belongings. As there are also so many shipping companies available for moving your container to your desired place but there are very limited companies who acknowledge your shipping needs and provide you the best solution.

Shipping international is among the best shipping companies that offer the exclusive container shipping solution for your personal or official needs. The company's emphasis is to propose the exclusive services without ruining your goods. Our aim is to offer the excellent delivery while ensuring a satisfactory outcome.

Analyzing your shipping requirements

Before suggesting any container moving solution, we analyze the client's specific requirements and provide the effective solution. Our teams of experts are competent enough to provide the best international moving container to any part of the world. We take initiative for informing our clients with the best shipping standards and believes in providing the worthy cargo services.

Secured and convenient goods delivery

When it comes to the matter of moving your container or moving your goods from one place to another, it is very crucial decision to make as every shipping company is not efficient to deliver your goods in the same condition. Apart from this they are not flexible for offering the convenient services to you. But this does not mean that all the shipping companies are like that. You can render your cargo services from Shipping international as we offer the safest, easiest and convenient goods delivery at your doorstep.

Affordable moving container storage

Our worldwide shipping company offers the affordable moving container storage with appropriate evaluations while considering your monetary and other perspectives. We are also bother about the timely delivery with the cost benefits for all our national and international clients. Our winning perspective is the timely international moving container across the globe. Satisfactory container moving services It is a tendency of human to seek satisfactory results especially when it is concern with the personal belongings. So, one looks for better and cost efficient shipping solution for moving their goods. Our reliable Shipping international company provides the ample options either air, sea or road freight while meeting the international standards.

Brooke Thom is an expert author and webmaster of shipping international website. The website having details of International Shipping, Moving International International Shipping household goods, International Freight Shipping, Shipping Overseas.

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Throwing Away the Throw-Away Culture

2009-10-23T00:55:00.001-07:00

From the middle of last century until today we have become the "throw away society". Buzz words like "disposable" and "one-use" have been commonplace. Where we used to "make do and mend" in the war years we now simply replace items that are no longer functioning or are no longer wanted. Now this is great if we have an everlasting supply of clean energy to make replacement goods and bottomless land fill sites. But we have neither.

In poorer countries this problem is negligible as most spending goes on food and essential items, leaving very little to be thrown away. More affluent societies, however, are at last beginning to wake up to the fact that the throw away lifestyle is not sustainable.

How did we get here? Several factors have conspired to bring about our disposable disposition. The main one is affluence. As western societies became richer, the demand for goods rose. Also, our salaries rose. Manufacturing needed to be faster at pumping out goods. Product design and work practices needed to be changed to accommodate increased volumes and in an affluent society it is hard to recruit and maintain the staff needed to keep these places going. As a result, the factories were located in poorer states at increasing distances from the end user. Electrical and mechanical goods were made with ever fewer serviceable parts to the point where some goods these days are totally sealed and repair is just not possible.

In days gone by a factory would produce finish goods and do a good side business in supplying parts to customers or repair shops. In affluent countries those days are gone taking with them the watch repairer, the radio (and tv) repair man, the cobbler etc etc. Even replacing the battery in an electric wrist watch is often virtually impossible.

Many authorities around the world are now trying to put the brakes on this trend and even trying to reverse it. They are asking for products to be designed to allow repair and parts replacement. In some areas - take Europe for example - they are introducing legislation that will force companies to take back (or at least take responsibility for) goods at the end of their life.

I am firmly of the opinion that, as this sentiment takes hold - and surely it will, we will be slowly warped back to the old days of repair shops and an increasing trade in spare parts. I am also convinced that this mini revolution is nearly upon us.

So have a walk down your local high street or shopping centre because it may look a little different in coming years with cobblers, watch menders and tv repair shops making a come back.

Of course, there have been some companies that bucked the throw away trend. Insect-o-Cutor have always provided spare parts for their fly killer machines. An Insectocutor fly killer can often go many years without needing any special servicing (they are guaranteed for 5 years in any case). If, however, they do need a spare part, then these are readily available from Arkay Hygiene at www.eeeee.co.uk. This availability is partly explains why it is common to see Insect-o-Cutor products working after 20 or even 30 years. In fact some Insect-o-Cutor fly killers from the 1960's are still around and doing and excellent job.

Replacement parts for Insectocutor fly killers - such as the lamp cover for the F1 Fly Killer Model - can be purchased at http://www.eeeee.co.uk

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Affiliate Program Mastery: Learn How To Build Internet Capital Goods for Free

2009-10-22T00:50:00.001-07:00

As I mention in almost all of my articles, 97% of Internet marketers never make a cent online. I mention this simple fact because it has a lot of power--it has the power to completely discourage people who are not succeeding, and it also has the power to encourage those same people who are failing to learn, so that they can succeed.

In this article, I will teach you exactly what it means to build Internet capital goods--and how it relates to entering that top 3%. When you finish reading this, you will have complete faith that you can succeed and you will understand exactly what it will take to do so.

So what are capital goods? You know that regular businesses purchase capital goods to increase production. You know that industrial businesses operate some of these capital goods to produce goods that they can then resell for profit. You know that capital goods can be land. They can be factories. They can be machinery. They can be people. . .

So how does this relate to marketing your affiliate program? It's quite simple--in order to succeed, you must build a large pile of Internet capital goods and then use them to pull in customers and retain them.

Most affiliates do not understand this concept. They start out with a boilerplate gateway webpage--that everyone else who sells the same product also uses--and then they use that page in conjunction with paid advertisement and hope for success. In almost every single case, they never make more than a couple sales, give up after 3 months at the absolute most, and then move on to the next opportunity.

If you do a simple analysis of successful affiliate program marketers (which, for practical reasons, will be easiest if you do it through websites), you will find that they either a) have purchased Internet capital goods and advertisement with a lot of money or b) have an enormous amount of Internet capital goods. (You can test this yourself by checking the top listings in search engines for any keyword combination).

What does this mean for you? It means that you either a) are already rich and can purchase that land, factory, machinery, and workers immediately (website, product rights, advertisement, etc) or b) you need to start building these Internet capital goods or you are definitely going to fail within 3 months.

So how do you know what is and isn't an Internet capital good? An Internet capital good is an item that, once you build or purchase it, will constantly add or create value for your business. This includes links, content, dynamic scripts, free tools that your targeted audience can use, and mailing lists that you can consistently offer your products to.

If you are not making an effort to build these Internet capital goods, you are the Internet equivalent of real life business that purchases frozen pizzas from the supermarket next door, heats them up in a microwave, and then tries to sell them. On top of that, your store has no napkins or condiments or tables or chairs or pizza boxes. Everyone must sit on and eat off of the floor.

Would you want to purchase pizza there? No, you would get it at the supermarket frozen at a cheaper price, or you would go next door, where they make it and then bake it in an oven, where you could sit down at a table in a chair.

Take the time to understand this point: If you want to succeed, you absolutely must either have money to buy your land, store, table, chairs, and oven--or you must build them yourself.

Fortunately for Internet marketers, you have a huge advantage over regular businesses--you can build all of these Internet capital goods; you do not need to pay for any of them.

You can build every Internet capital good I have mentioned above for no cost at all. And you will if you want to succeed on a limited budget. So setup your links. Make quotas; reach those quotas every week. Build content. Find legally reusable expert articles and add them to your website. Build pages that offer free tools to your customers. Use free advertising methods advertise this page as a useful stand-alone (which happens to be linked to your related website). Setup a free content ezine or marketing list that is related to your website. Register with free directories to get customers.

All of these Internet capital goods will not only draw customers to your business through a multitude of sources, but they will also retain customers that come to your website through free or paid advertisement by giving them the option to get free information or use free products.

As every marketing study has indicated, multiple impressions of a product increase a person's chance of buying it--and multiple contacts with a salesperson increases the conversion rate. By retaining customers you will both increase the impression of your product and expose them to your sale copy, which will dramatically increase your conversion rates.

If you get nothing else out of this article, please remember this fact: the only way to successfully build and expand an Internet business is by building Internet capital goods and staying around until you have enough to constantly draw and retain customers. If you do not have the money to purchase these capital goods, start building them today for free or you will probably be ready to give up in about 3 months.

About The Author

Isaiah Hull makes money online teaching other people to build successful Internet businesses: http://www.workathomerightnow.net/pluginprofitsite.html.

Email him personally at mailto:Houolol@aol.com to receive free, personal, step-by-step instructions to build a home business online for an investment of $0 to $300 monthly.

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Swing For the Fences - Buying Wholesale Sporting Goods

2009-10-21T00:45:00.001-07:00

Are you a sports fan who wants to work in a field you love? Have you thought about starting your own sporting goods business? Whether you decide to start a store-front shop or online business, you need to find the right supplier for your products. The best place to start is with a wholesale vendor. When you are looking into starting your own business, there are several key steps that you must take.

First, develop a business plan. This requires you to determine your product, the demographics of your customers, how you will market your business and where you will buy your supplies. This last part is your supply chain.

When looking for a supplier, you will want to search out a wholesaler. Buying wholesale allows you to buy large quantities of the sporting goods at substantially discounted prices. Depending on what products you plan to sell, you may need to scout out several different vendors. How do you know who to trust?

When investigating wholesale suppliers, you may want to consider a local vendor or online supplier. The differences, besides location, come down to availability, service and cost. With a local supplier, you can visit a showroom and check the quality of the products. You can develop a relationship with them on pricing and the ability to fill quick orders when your inventory runs low. You may be able to save on shipping and handling charges.

If you are looking into an online wholesaler, you may need to request samples in order to verify the quality of the products. Unfortunately, many online wholesalers have sold products at deep discounts because the quality is sub-par or the products are not the name brands that you expected. Online wholesalers may also have higher minimum order requirements, as well as shipping and handling charges. In addition, they may not have the ability to get orders to you in a timely manner.

Regardless of whether you decide on a local or online wholesale supplier, you need to make sure that you understand all of the terms of the agreements, including set-up costs, turnaround time on orders, return policies and payment terms. These will not only have an impact on the back end of the business, but may also impact your customers up front. Any additional charges that you pay must be covered somehow, and that is through your customers and what they pay.

Sports may be your dream. Running a sporting goods business may be something that you have aspired to. However, be careful of your supply chain as it can have a major impact on your business. Once you have settled on a good supplier it's time to step up to the plate and swing for the fences.

In order to make money in business online, one of the core factors determining this would be the strength of your supply chain. Compare the Top 3 Wholesale Directory online. Salehoo, the only Approved Wholesale directory with 100% verified Salehoo Wholesale Suppliers

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Government and Police Auctions - An Overview

2009-10-19T23:15:00.001-07:00

Chances are you've heard of people 'making a killing' at auctions. Many stories do the rounds of relatively inexperienced entrepreneurs striking it lucky by buying goods and property at a massive discount to it's true market value and selling it off with a tidy profit.

The truth of the matter is that these opportunities are available to all, and not just an elite few. This is especially true for Government and police auctions held across the country. Many commercial auctions only allow registered car dealers to participate, effectively cutting normal folks out of the loop. This is generally not the case at government auctions.

So how does all of this come about?

The government are very similar to large organizations in that they own vehicles, real estate and other goods such as computers, telephones, furniture, etc. Daily, counties, cities, states and the federal government dispose of goods they have little or no use for any longer. These are known as surplus goods.

Also, the police and various government agencies seize goods from citizens and corporation that broke the law. All of these activities give rise to a multitude of government and police auctions.

Don't be led into thinking that these goods are run down, worthless property only good for the dumpster. More often than not you'll find goods and vehicles barely used and still in superior condition. This makes it therefore a viable alternative when looking for furniture for your office, your next vehicle, etc.

Being successful at government and police auctions really doesn't require some special magical powers. The ingredients to success consist of persistence & a good strategy.

Persistence

There are auctions happening in your area daily. If you want to find the big bargains you need to attend as many as possible as often as possible.

Strategy

From a strategy perspective, you can only do well if you shortlist items your interested in, calculate a fair market value and stop bidding if it reaches that price. I know it sounds logical, but many people forget the basics.

Follow these overarching principles and you'll end up saving thousands of dollars on quality goods at auctions.

Jake W Johnson is a specialist on government and police auctions. He regularly writes on issues relating to auction techniques and strategy. Read more on auctions and profitable government auction sites.

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Trademark International Class: Class 9 (Electrical and Scientific Apparatus)

2009-10-18T22:50:00.001-07:00

What is International Class 9 All About?

Each class has a short title heading that gives a snapshot of what that class is all about -- IC 9's short title is electrical and scientific apparatus. But, as with anything trademark, there's more to it than that.

This class encompasses nearly any tangible goods that are scientific, nautical, surveying, electric, photographic, cinematographer, optical, weighing, measuring, signaling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.

PHEW! Let's break that down a bit. Here are some of the more often used descriptions for International Class 9:

Software and video games of all kinds including what used to be considered a service - providing online video games.

Video games, which also include the peripherals such as joysticks, players, interactive floor pads and interactive remote controls.

CDs, DVDs, audiocassettes, records, whether blank or filled with content, as well as the devices used to play them.

Computer peripherals such as mice, keyboards, printers, and monitors as well as virtually any good related to the telephone, the television or the camera.

The USPTO has 3145 accepted descriptions that fit into IC 9; check them out here.

What Else is in International Class 9?

Seems like with any of these trademark classes, there always seems to be the oddball item or two and IC 9 is no exception. Here are a few items living in IC 9 that seem to be a weird fit:

• sun glasses, eye glasses and pince-nez
• protective clothing
• dog whistles
• helmets

What's New for International Class 9?

The classification guide is constantly being updated with new goods or services. As the marketplace changes, the trademark office must adapt. Here are some of the 2009 listings for international class 9, good plus date added to the guide:

• Graduated rulers for office and stationery 25 Jun 09
• Hands free devices for mobile-phones 18 Jun 09
• Holders for magnetically encoded gift cards 02 Apr 09
• Life vests 26 Mar 09
• Articles of protective clothing for wear by motorcyclists for protection against accident or injury 5 Feb 09
• Digital music system that synchronizes digital music files stored on a home unit and a car unit 15 Jan 09

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Enjoy Baked Goods And Desserts Delivered Right To Your Door!

2009-10-17T21:55:00.001-07:00

Do you have a sweet tooth for Italian cookies, scones, muffins, brownies, coffee cakes, cheese cakes, chocolate truffles, and cream puffs? Whatever your fancy is, today you have access to old world bake shoppes, without having to stand on long queues or travel long distances for your cherished desserts. For these days we have a host of online stores of various cake manufacturing and retailing houses specializing in fresh baked cookies, cakes and more, shipped across the US. Some of these even have worldwide delivery services. Some also expand their repertoire with dessert catering for special functions, where they custom decorate cakes and pastries with ideas and pictures from the customers, adding tantalizing flavors and luscious fruit fillings.

Whether you're looking for a delicious breakfast relaxation with butter cookies or cannoli, a quick lunch bite with mouth-watering cheese cakes or dinner enhancement with rich cream and chocolate pastries, the wonderful assortment of baked goods are there for you, embellished with luscious flavors and colors of fresh fruit, tempting both the eye and the palate. Many of the stores also allow you to combine the classic taste of butter cream with your personal choice of delectable frostings, fillings and cake layers, of which they provide a listing. They begin their pledge of service to you with the preliminary consultation where you are provided with a complete overview of their services and a sampling of their dessert items. Whether it is cannoli, the Sicilian delicacy with the traditional ricotta cheese combined with rich burgundy wine, or cheese cakes of the old-fashioned Italian variety, these online stores make every item easily available all over the US and Canada.

The scrumptious pastries from these online stores tempt even the strictest calorie counter! They also claim to use only the best butter, rich cream and other tantalizing combinations, resulting in delightful butter cookies and luxurious cakes made as the perfect fit for your holiday diet. A time-honored tradition of celebrations, the Italian cookies and butter cookies are made by world-class Pastry Shoppes in and around America. Daring to be delicately divine and uniquely different than the ordinary chocolate chip, the Italian cookies have an elegance all their own, in what they present a perfect amalgamation of classic Italian essence and the "new age" sophisticated baking techniques. Americans seem to have truly developed an "obsession" towards purchasing these cookies from online stores flooding the search engines of the web world. Most of these stores claim that their baked goods help you decrease fat content by 25-50% as they use low-calorie ingredients. Researches show that these gourmet baked goods, cakes and cookies are not only easy to store, but also remain fresh for months. However, some use preservatives to store the baked items; so make sure to get your cookies or cannoli, cheese cakes or coffee cakes fresh and in one piece, prior to placing your order online to be shipped to your home.

Lopa Bhattacharya is a content writer/developer working on websites for overseas/Indian clientele. Has worked for various corporate website projects, CD-Rom presentations, brochures, flyers and other communication materials on varied themes ranging from travel, hotel industry, photography, web design and software development to US-based clubs and network communities. Was previously an editorial associate for a news, culture and entertainment portal based on the life and times of Kolkata.

International Freight Shipping Company

2009-10-16T21:45:00.001-07:00

For shipping your goods from one place to another, especially from one country to another, International freight shipping company is considered a better option. When you browse through the web you will come across various companies claiming to be the best one. Then how do you select the one that meets your needs timely? For choosing the right shipping company, here are some tips.

* If you are new to the business of import and export, then you need to do preliminary research of listing the companies that have the experience of carrying the goods from one place to another. Specially check whether they have the appropriate facility for moving the goods on particular route you are looking for. Short-list the companies that meet your need. Send them the request and compare the international freight rates.
* Check out the rates and see whether they are offering with facility of order tracking system or not. Ask them for client reference and cross check it. This will help you in knowing what exactly the quality of the services being offered was. Did the company provide quality and timely services or not? Did the customer face any problem with the services? Were the goods in good condition when the final delivery was made or not?
* Next thing is to see whether the company understands the specific needs of the product type. If you are dealing with perishable items them it becomes necessary to check whether they have the refrigeration facility or not. These things differ with the weather conditions of the country where you are sending the goods.
* Many shipping companies provide secondary services to their customers. These include custom clearance, payment of taxes and duties, covering of documentation issues, etc. They know the shipping and freight laws of various countries and will help you in knowing & abiding by them. Even some companies offer with supply chain management facility also.
* Freight companies have tie-ups with custom brokers, & various domestic freight agents/ companies. Have the details of them if possible. This will help you in telling the customer, exactly who will be delivering the products and by what time.
These things will help you in knowing more about freight service provider and take a wiser decision.

Born and raised in New Delhi, India, Mohita completed her graduation in English Literature from Delhi University, India. She also holds a Master's degree in Journalism from Makhanlal Chaturvedi Rashtriya Patrakarita Vishwavidyalya, Bhopal. She is currently working as Content Writer.

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Sporting Good Stores

2009-10-15T21:20:00.001-07:00

Staying fit has always been everyone's obsession, so it's no wonder that sporting good stores are quickly expanding their inventories. When you need equipment for any basic sport, whether it is for golf, basketball, volleyball, tennis, badminton, swimming, or even billiards, the sporting goods store can give it to you. Are you in need of exercise equipment? Sporting goods stores can help you out with this, too.

Expanded Product Lines

Sporting goods stores are also expanding their product selections to cater to individuals in the "underserved" markets - those people involved in more expensive sports, such as diving, mountain biking, downhill skiing, and snowboarding, among others.

These stores also carry equipment for specialty hobbies such as camping and fishing - equipment that was formerly only found in specialty stores.

Extra Services

Sporting goods stores are also morphing to provide all-inclusive services to their busy clients. They are no longer just your run-of-the-mill department store outlets; they now also provide top-notch peripheral services. Some stores now incorporate health restaurants, spas, and gyms, making them the one-stop-shop for their health-conscious clientele.

Most sporting good stores have a well-trained staff to assist customers in buying sports equipment or apparel. Their sales representatives are skilled at answering questions, whether they are technical or even medical. It is not uncommon anymore to meet a sporting goods sales associate who can tell you the right kind of treadmill for your weight and height, which supplement is best for what, which running shoes are best for your type of feet, etc. Most customers enjoy this kind of "intimacy" - they feel important and therefore tend to buy more.

Sporting Goods provides detailed information on Sporting Goods, Sporting Good Stores, Wholesale Sporting Goods, Sporting Goods Gifts and more. Sporting Goods is affiliated with Triathlon Wetsuits .

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Accounting - Explaining The Income Statement

2009-10-14T20:55:00.001-07:00

In layman’s terms, what is the income statement? We will look at the various components of the income statement: revenues, cost of goods sold, expenses and net income. Income statements are helpful, because they will give you some history of the business in order to budget for future operations and assess risk of future cash flows. An income statement is also known as a profit-and-loss statement.

The nature of the income statement is that it is a reflection of operations over a period of time, i.e., “for the month ended June 30, 2006”, or “for the year ended December 31, 2006”. This is different from the balance sheet, which reflects a certain point in time. Income statements contain what is known as “temporary” accounts and the balance sheet contains “permanent” accounts. Temporary accounts such as sales revenues and expenses are “closed out”, net income/loss is determined and this net amount ends up in an owner’s equity account. The accounts are closed at the end of one period, reopened and reused for the next period.

The income statement is revenues less cost of goods sold, less expenses, equals the net income or loss. Revenues are the sales of items normally sold in your business; what are you selling? Do you sell goods? Do you sell services? It is the selling price times the number of items sold. Sales are usually shown as net sales and some adjustment to sales would include sales discounts, sales returns and allowances.

If the business sells goods, the next part of the income statement would be the cost of goods sold section. If the business sells services, it won’t have this section. Because this is such a large part of expenses for a retail establishment, while it is an expense, it is broken out separately from other expenses. The business will need to know how much inventory it started with and how much inventory it had during the end of the period. Additionally, it will need to know how much inventory was purchased during the period. There are a number of ways to value inventory, such as Fifo (first in, first out), Lifo (last in, first out), average cost, specific identification, etc. Since we are taking a high-level glance at the income statement, it is just important at this time to note that, because of subjectivity of inventory methods, this can be more of an art than a science. Beginning inventory plus goods purchased equals goods available for sale; goods available for sale minus ending inventory will give you the cost of goods sold.

Expenses are outflows of cash necessary to the operation of the business. Some expenses are easily identified, such as rent or mortgage, utilities, office salaries, supplies, etc. and these are referred to as selling and administrative expenses. Selling expenses are costs related to selling goods, such as the salesperson’s salaries, shipping, freight, advertising, etc. Research and development costs are also valid expenses. If you own the building, vehicles, or equipment, there are depreciation costs. That just means if you own an asset that lasts for a couple of years, you can write off part of the cost of that asset as a depreciation expense for a certain number of years. Like inventory costs, there are a number of ways to subjectively determine depreciation, such as straight line, accelerated depreciation methods, etc. so there isn’t just one possible answer to determine depreciation costs.

To determine net income or loss, you take revenues minus cost of goods sold minus expenses. If this number is positive, it is net income. If this number is negative, it is net loss. This amount is closed to an equity account, such as an owner’s capital account for a sole proprietorship or stockholder’s equity for a corporation.

Expenses and/or income outside the realm of usual business operations should be included in its own separate section. For example, the business is a shoe store and they sell one of their buildings or part of their vacant lot, which creates an inflow of money. This is not what you would expect a shoe store to do. In order to make income statements comparable by year, this special income will need to be shown in a separate section above net income.

So, at a high level we’ve looked at the income statement, defined the components of revenue, cost of goods sold, expenses and net income. We’ve pointed out areas such as inventory valuation and depreciation where different methods can be used which will determine different financial amounts. Businesses need to select their methods carefully and stick with them for consistency. It is not totally impossible to change these valuation methods, but it would require special disclosures, etc. Once we understand the basics of the income statement, it will help us understand income statements from a number of different companies, regardless of the nature of their business.

Michael Russell Your Independent guide to Accounting

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Keep Your Goods Safe With Storage New York

2009-10-13T20:10:00.001-07:00

No doubt, that moving is the most stressful event for an individual or business; shifting and packaging of things consumes a lot of time and are tedious enough to pester the person who is bearing the responsibility of relocation. During the time consuming process of renovation and cleaning of destination building or house, storage is the biggest thing that may bother someone a lot. Since security and safe handling are major issues related to storage, it is always a better idea to take help of a storage and relocation service provider. With the assistance of storage New York service providers, you can really have a pleasant and stress free experience as it will perfectly take care of your goods. These firms are such a capable friend that can help you in releasing the stress of storage of your precious goods through their extensive care and perfect services.

People, who reside in New York, can find great care for their exclusive goods with storage firms in New York; these firms maintain proper security and management sections for security and storage of various things. If you are planning to shift your home or business and are being bothered about storage of your household things and official records, then throw all worries aside and hire storage service provider in New York for safe storage. Individuals, who are planning to relocate along with their family, can go for self-storage service for storing their household goods. However, in case of corporate relocation, business owners should go for warehouse facility with licensed moving and storage firm.

As in New York everyday numerous incidents of theft at storage firms are reported, selecting a reliable storage firm in New York is mandatory. As security lapse can cause stealing of your precious goods, carefully check the services and reliability of storage firm you are going to hire. Always check whether the concerned firm is having license for providing storage service or not; if in any case you find that the firm has a bad record of accomplishment then never consider it for storing your hard-earned goods. However, firms that offer storage services without license also claim to provide your goods and records security and maintenance but in case of stealing or damage, they simply refuse taking responsibility of your goods. This may sometimes pester you a lot as you cannot even file a case against them as for this a legal contract is required therefore, always go for a licensed firm for getting legally bounded storage and security services in New York.

In case of corporate relocation, it becomes more important to check whether the firm is having warehousing license or not as leniency in security system, can deeply affect the reputation of client business. Therefore, whenever you plan to store your confidential business data with a storage firm in New York, firstly make sure that the firm is capable of maintaining confidentiality of your business data or not. A wise selection of reliable firm can truly ease-up your relocation process and can set you free from the tension of security of your precious goods.

Claudia White works is proficient in chalking out different ways that can make the process of relocation easier. For more information on corporate relocation, Storage New York, Corporate company relocation, International relocation services log on to http://www.a1firstclass.com

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Purchasing Drop Ship Online Goods Wholesale

2009-10-12T20:05:00.001-07:00

Does a dependable drop ship directory truly exist?

Yes! But a dependable wholesale provider list is just as dependable as it serves your wants. There are bona fide wholesale directories listing drop shipping businesses and wholesale sources for eBay goods providers. Salehoo does a pretty good job with its provider list and offering a wide variety of services. It does require job. You have to work the provider list, and it is as well important to work the forum so as to get the most out of salehoo.

You cannot join salehoo or some other online wholesale provider membership and expect cash to fall into your knee. In the end, the results you get are just as good as the effort you place into the resources available.

There are billions of lists for sale online, and you can get your chances. Many online sellers believe that the online drop ship wholesale membership resources like wholesale 101 or Salehoo are really useful as you can network and share information with some members. The product providers listed are usually updated, and you can always acquire fresh feedback from the site owners and other members.

Now you can say that it is very easy to locate drop shipping businesses, wholesale distributors, and other item sources for home industry and eBay goods suppliers.

But, if you're seeking a list of real wholesalers who also provide drop ship services, you may need to be ready to expend the time on due diligence. Locating true wholesalers is not hard and even locating drop shipping businesses is not much of a challenge. But, finding a remade list of huge numbers of real wholesalers who can dependably accommodate your drop shipping requirements may be a different issue.

Drop shipping is usually a service that you request or negotiate from wholesaler, not something that is a publicized feature, and definitely not something that would necessarily ever be advertised to community at large. Keep in mind, true wholesalers focus their promotion on expert vendors and are not concerned about marketing to the general public. Even though the amount of cash spent online may run well into the million dollar zone, the amount of cash made in Internet retail electronic commerce is still quite small compared to brick & mortar retail.

In conclusion, the best means to find a provider is to start with an item. It is much easier to locate a provider if you know what it is you wish to sell. But, if you're having difficulty with that or generally just having problem breaking through the other side of item supply, a wholesale list, if possible an online membership, can be a true advantage.

In order to make money in business online, one of the core factors determining this would be the strength of your supply chain.

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Freight Management - Optimizing Efficiency in Shipping Goods

2009-10-11T19:55:00.001-07:00

Freight Management is a strategic system to optimize the efficiency of freight and commercial transport. When you think about it, the numbers of big rig trucks you see on the major thoroughfares they seem countless. We realize that the trucks are transporting goods and more than likely transporting the majority of goods. We don't realize however what the system that lies behind all that transport is. It's like a huge puzzle where each piece fits together perfectly and intrinsically. That's where logistics plays a key role. Logistics takes into consideration shipping practices as a whole which includes the shipment size, vehicle type, mode of transportation, facility sites, and frequency of shipping.

So many factors come into play for freight management, with the priority being to minimize freight costs. Take into consideration the dramatic increase in fuel prices leading up a year ago and how they greatly affected shipping costs involved with transporting products and goods. Suppliers passed on their increased freight costs either by increasing the cost of the goods directly, or indirectly by charging surcharges on shipping. In the end, consumers paid more for items in stores or at restaurants. The bottom line is the bottom line. Freight management helps to keep freight costs lower which directly affects the bottom line and the price paid by all of us for goods and supplies.

There are a number of approaches to implement freight management in the transportation of goods. When possible shippers are encouraged to utilize either water or rail systems. Standard trucking of goods can cost as much as ten times more then shipping by water or railroads. Other ways to optimize shipping through logistics and freight management include optimizing truck loads by improving the routing and scheduling to avoid empty trucks on return trips. Organizing regional deliveries to reduce trips, not only saves on energy expense, but also the benefits to the environment while minimizing freight costs to the shippers. The two go hand in hand when you consider the costs involved in the energy utilized and the pollution expended during the process of shipping.

Freight costs are a considerable expense to take in to account when one who produces goods determines a fair yet profitable price to charge for their product. Freight management is the tool used to not only help minimize that expense but also help the in the determination of the set price. A freight management company can provide an analysis to the manufacturer the exact cost per product of the anticipated freight cost.

Not only does shipping involve shipping your product across the country and around the world, but also the regional delivery of your goods into the hands of the final destination or the consumer. It's a web of events that has evolved into a major undertaking too great for an individual producer or smaller company to take on. Again, it all goes back to efficiency and minimizing freight cost which is the purpose of freight management.

This article gives a basic definition of freight management and logistics and the impact minimizing freight costs has on the cost of consumer goods as well as the environment. RateLinx has the solutions and the logistics software you need to help your business grow.

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The Goods and Bads of FAP Turbo - Some Drawbacks of FAP Turbo Which You Have to Pay Attention

2009-10-10T18:40:00.001-07:00

What is the major drawback of FAP Turbo system?

The disadvantage of the whole system is customers need to highly trust in the blackbox of the autopilot robot, even to the point of surrendering normal human decisiveness and not to let any emotions to take over, it takes some time to get used to the vast amount of trading signals, spend some time studying them, and read out their implied messages, usually created by the core trading engine of the software.

The historical drawback tells you it has high accuracy of prediction

One can read from the backtesting of historical trades, that there is an extremely high win-loss of 95% , the ninety-something possibilities of victory would still tell you profitable trades are not hard to attain. Frankly speaking, manual Forex trading cannot ensure that high rate most of the time, unless you used to monitor the screen all the time, sitting there the whole day, with great skills and give attention to details, while comparing many graphs to many historical pasts.

Live and forward testing is another factor to make it sound more convincing. There is high validity of the robot due to the fact that live testing is carried out frequently on the FAP Turbo trading machine. Live testing involves authentic future data in real market conditions. It is quite easy for a trading system by projecting a curve synchronising the price charts based on previous historical data, but when it comes to live and forward data analysis, it can flop. FAP Turbo featured high profitability in live testing, not just numerous backtests, this may sound very hopeful to the audiences.

The effect of trade similation

With FAP Turbo, it is important for users to get themselves familiarized with general interpretation of the signals and and to trade wisely accordingly. Such experience is gained by using the function of simulated trading, practice makes perfect, and taking the trades mechanically whenever they come.

Once you know what to do and how to do it on time, you are very close to becoming a successful Forex trader with the help of FAP Turbo software.

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Top Online Sporting Goods Retailers

2009-10-09T18:10:00.001-07:00

Finding the right sporting goods and apparel can sometimes be a frustrating event. It seems like there are an endless supply of stores, but of these which are the best?

Below is a listing of some of the top places to find sporting goods on the Internet. Some of these also have brick and mortar stores, so if there is one in your area, you can go and try on or test out the merchandise before you buy it.

Dick's Sporting Goods

- Dick's is a large national chain whose slogan is "Dedicated to the Dedicated." Their selection is large and they carry most every name brand you can look for. Their prices are not bottom barrel, but they do run weekly specials that you can access by clicking on the "Weekly Circular" link at the bottom of their homepage.

The Sports Authority

- TSA is unique in that its website and brick and mortar stores are essentially run by two different companies. Because of this the selection on Internet vs brick and mortar differ drastically and the downside is that you cannot return items purchased online at your local store.

Sport Chalet

- The Sports Chalet is a publicly traded company generally with large brick and mortar stores. They specialize in all sports ranging from common one to more abstract or unique sports.

Academy Sports + Outdoors

- Academy Sports + Outdoors has retail stores located in the southeastern United States and focuses on both traditional and outdoor sports. They offer low prices, which sometimes translates into prior year models, but if you don't care about that they are a very reputable dealer.

Modell's Sporting Goods

- If you are from, or have visited the Northeast, you have probably heard of Modell's. People outside that area may not have, but that shouldn't deter you from visitng their stores. As one of the oldest sporting goods stores in the country, "Mo's" does a fine job of offering products for every rec athlete.

Paragon Sports

- Paragon is a one store operation, but with a large online presence. They claim to have 30,000 items online and 50,000 items in their store, so if you happen to be in New York and are looking for athletic supplies, your best bet is to head on over to their flagship store.

Eastbay

- Eastbay was one of the first nationwide retail chains designed with the athlete in mind. From the early days of mailed catalogs to today's Internet age, Eastbay is a great resource for all athletes. They are especially good at customizing uniforms and gear for team use.

Play It Again Sports

Play It Again Sports probably the most famous used sporting good store in the country. If you don't mind hand me downs, you can save 50%-80% on most all goods in the store.

So the next time you are in the market for some sporting goods, keep the above retailers in mind, as you are sure to find exactly what you want.

Keep sporting!

Evan Pfaff is co-owner of Who's In First.

Who's In First is an online league management system for leagues of all sizes and sports. Our state-of-the-art software enables league managers the ability to quickly create and deploy schedules and standings over the Internet.

Visit Who's In First, http://www.whosinfirst.com, today for a free demonstration and to learn why Who's In First is the best choice for your league.

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The Good and the Goods

2009-10-08T18:05:00.001-07:00

You have heard the saying that life is as good as you make it? Well, this article puts the ultimate new and old "spin" on that saying and in a very deep way, read on. Sure, life is a good as your attitude is, and as well as you learn the ropes in it. But you must be willing to put out a decent effort on your own part at the very least and the very most. Sure, I can make this the usual "motivational" article that makes you depend on something outside of yourself. But we all know, at least intellectually that it all comes from within, deep within. Sure you can tell a book by its cover at very shallow levels, but it is always how the book reads that counts.

So, consider this article a book you can tell by its cover and by its reading value, yet, the plot is not obvious until you yourself admit it is. Life and existence is what we all make it at every level, that is the good fact that gets the goods that we all want in life and existence. For mastering yourself in anything comes down to genuinely doing what you desire to the greatest of proficiency, no matter what it is. A positive example, mastering a musical instrument or becoming a productive business hero. A negative example, becoming an alcohol or drug addict. Mastery can go either way, good or bad, up or down, whatever. Mastery is neutral, what you do with it is your context.

When people say, "there is nothing real but thinking makes it so", the above paragraph is exactly what is deeply meant by that saying. Effort and achievement are neutral like I said, they can be used positively or negatively, but, making good is always positive and making bad is always negative. Those conditions are not neutral. Reality cannot be defied in any way. If it could be defied, reality would not be "as fair as the most objective of meters" in the way it works, and there would be no universal certainty in universal law. Gravity would have a choice and we can fly out the tenth floor window at will.

Fortunately, the law of laws does not have a choice, it works no matter what, and in a genuinely linear way. It only depends on how they are used. I know I have solved an obvious mystery for you as I have said in the beginning of this article, and I hope through this article you have solved it for yourself also.

My name is Joshua Clayton, I am a freelance writer based in Inglewood, California. I also write under a few pen-names and aliases, but Joshua Clayton is my real name, and I write by that for the most part now. I am a philosophical writer and objective thinker and honest action taker. I also work at a senior center in Gardena, California as my day job, among other things, but primarily I am a writer. As a kid I did construction work with my Dad which taught me many things like plumbing, hard labor and electrical systems, and I took notes for my Dad's home poker games at my Uncle Johnnie Gilmore's house, so I have a lot of life experience, sure. But I went to Cal State Dominguez Hills College, UCLA, and El Camino Junior College and learned a lot, but never got around to getting a degree, just lots of money spent, good grades and some credits. So, here I am currently freelance writing and working at a senior center for a living. But enough details of my life, what I do is not what I am. So here is what I enjoy, I enjoy reading, listening to all types of music. Well, as you can tell by some of the music I listen to, I am a very eclectic person. I am also a deep science fiction fan and as said before, a lover of books. If I were to go into everything it would take thousands of words, well, I end here. Thanks. Joshua Clayton.

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Get SaleHoo's Help on Drop Shipping-Wholesale Goods - Ensure the Quality of Goods From Wholesalers

2009-10-07T17:50:00.001-07:00

With the popularity of wholesale and drop shipping in e-business now, it is best that you buy only goods of quality from your suppliers. You as a drop shipper are the front man in the electronic transactions with all kinds of customers who are now using the Internet for practically all their purchases, even down to the smallest items they need. The ecommerce now ongoing has gained the public's support since things are made so easy and economical for them. They just surf the Net when they need something and especially because they have learned to rely on SaleHoo's website as a reliable source of information on what and where to buy their goods.

It could be bad for your drop shipping business if you happen to sell to your customers goods of inferior quality due to a wrong choice of a wholesaler partner. You will lose customers this way and even suffer adverse comments from them in SaleHoo's forums and blog sections which entertain feedbacks and product reviews from all those interested to join the forums.

In offline business before this did not happen because the buying public did not have a way to express their satisfaction for a good buy that they made (or dissatisfaction if they happened to buy a bum product).

This is the difficulty and the challenge of doing drop shipping as a business online - you have to be extra vigilant that your goods sold to your customers are from wholesalers who do not cheat the buyers with inferior goods. They do they delivery of your goods sold to the homes of the buyers, but when there is a problem with a particular delivery that failed, or a customer has a complaint on the quality of the goods he got, it is you as the one doing the business online who gets the blame. And when the customer posts these complaints in SaleHoo, the drop shipper has to answer for this relapse.

So, ensure that you deal only with wholesalers who sell to you good quality items for sale. Get the most reliable information from SaleHoo's website.

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Air Freight Carriers - What Do They Do?

2009-10-06T17:25:00.001-07:00

Air freight carriers are companies or airlines which are used to ship goods over long distances in a short amount of time. Freight carriers may be part of a passenger airline or dedicated a dedicated cargo airline. Such Freight carriers may also be dedicated transportation logistics companies like Fed-Ex who have a cargo airline and a business and logistics system to support end to end delivery as well.

Air freight or cargo airlines

Cargo/ air freight is a service used by many companies all over the world everyday for multinational import and export. Air freight services are professional logistics support businesses which manage the handling and transportation of goods and raw material. Today, airfreight businesses handle any kind of shipment, domestic or international, to any destination anywhere in the world provided there are no legal barriers to the transportation of the goods in question.

Modern airfreight services provide customs support (clearance agents all over the world) for the quick clearance of goods while also combining other transportation methods (like trucks or cargo ships) for end to end delivery in order to combine services and cut costs all round for themselves and therefore for their clients. Many such cargo carrying companies also provide the option for expedited shipment (express delivery) to most parts of the world.

There are three forms of air cargo transportation. Passenger airline freight (smaller goods carried on commercial passenger flights), dedicated cargo airlines using cargo planes, and super cargo planes used for specialized transportation (for instance machinery, other aircraft and any other such heavy goods).

Air freight transportation companies use a variety of aircraft, depending upon the goods, the quantity (or weight) and the destination. Commonly used aircraft may include ATRs, Boeing 707, 747-200F & 727, Douglas DC-8, DC-10, MD-11, Ilyushin Il-76 and even some 60-year-old Douglas DC-3s. The largest built cargo planes in use today are the USAF's C-5 Galaxy and the Russian Antonov AN-225.

Freight forwarding services

Freight forwarding companies; act as intermediaries between clients who wish to ship goods and transportation companies who actually transport the goods; these companies usually have a vast list of transportation services with home they have established business relationships and as third-party logistics companies, provide clients the benefits of their expertise in handling all transportation related issues.

International shipments from one destination to another usually involve using a system of multiple carriers and attention to transportation requirements and legalities (bills or lading, customs documentation, clearance and insurance). A freight forwarding service handles these details for their clients, managing the entire logistics of a shipment, relieving a burden that would otherwise be handled by the business/ producer making the shipment.

These companies guarantee the delivery of the product to a destination by the contracted (agreed upon) delivery date, and negotiate the best price to move the goods via the most economical route by working out various bids and choosing the one that best balances speed, cost and reliability; often providing their clients with options on various packages which might best suit their needs accordingly.

About Author:

Allen is a staff writer for Allegro Freight Services. Allegro Freight is one of the largest shipping companies worldwide, focusing in ocean freight, air freight and trucking freight with worldwide offices in many countries.

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The Goods on Sourdough

2009-10-05T16:55:00.001-07:00

Sourdough bread is a pungent sour flavored bread that is rich in flavor as well as history.

History and Legends

Sourdough bread dates back to biblical times. It is often believed to be a better choice of breads because of the healthful nature of the fermentation process which makes it sour.

Some legends have it that sourdough bread which does not contain baking powder as an ingredient gained in popularity due to a belief that baking powder was an anti-aphrodisiac. Men who did not want to chance there virility on eating baking powder biscuits choose instead sourdough bread.

Sourdough was a main staple on one of the first expeditions to the top of Mount Mc Kinley.

Sourdough by any Other Name

Sourdough has come to be known by many names across America. In California pioneers called it sourdough while in cattle country it was known as chuck wagon bread. Pioneers called sourdough cellar biscuits or cellar bread because it was kept in the cellar while in Philadelphia the pioneers called it yeast dough and could buy a cup of sourdough starter for a penny. In Kentucky sourdough is known by the name of spook yeast and used to bake up spook bread.

Sourdough Storage

Because metal will cause a chemical reaction and ruin your sourdough the starter can never be stored in a metal container. Traditionally sourdough starter was kept in a wooden pot in a warm draft free location in the kitchen. Glass can be used but wood was the preference because it held a more consistent temperature than glass and did not break as easily during travel.

Sourdoughs Many Uses

Sourdough starter can be used in a variety of foods such as bread, hotcakes, cookies, cakes and waffles. Sourdough has even been used in less familiar ways such as in tanning hides, as a plaster to cure an aching back, as a glue for a sealing a letter and as paste to paper a cabin.

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The 5 Best Revenue Models in E-Commerce History

2009-10-04T16:20:00.001-07:00

There was a time, back in the 20th century, when everyone wanted to have their own online shopping cart system. By 1997, Amazon.com had served their millionth customer and was really starting to impress regular folks. The internet looked like a realistic way to do business, maybe even for small businesses.

So soon everyone wanted a shopping cart, got one ready to go, and… nothing. They didn’t get any traffic. Then came the website submission hounds with programs like SubmitWolf. It worked for a time, though some submitters turned into spammers and thus began the game of cat and mouse between spammers and search engines.

As the number of websites grew, and around 2000 when Google, who had partnered with RedHat and Yahoo, began to become a real force, it was no longer enough to have a website and submit it… at least not for small businesses online. Sure, about $66 billion dollars in in goods was sold online in1999, but mostly by big players who already had bricks and mortar momentum. If the new guy on the block wanted a piece of the action, he had to get smart and stay smart.

Cue the SEO experts, a growing herd of geeks with a profusion of theories about the directories and search engines. Some search engine optimizers were ethical and followed the rules set by search engines. Others practiced “black hat” SEO. The search engines guarded closely how they rank pages but some SEO devotees put all their energy into trying to reverse engineer those algorithms, to discover the magic formula, and find holes, however temporary, to exploit.

By the dawn of the 21st century, some basic “white hat” SEO principles had solidified, and the fad had shifted from shopping carts to informational websites. You can’t optimize something that doesn’t have information, and the more you have the better. Also, a lot of internet junkies prefer the purely digital and neither had, nor wanted to have, any physical products to sell.

But digital purists need money too, so various revenue sources have been explored – from running advertisements (clunky old banners and the dynamic AdSense variety), to helping others sell their goods through affiliate programs, to developing their own digital goods, like ebooks, special reports, even programs and web utilities.
These paths have already been trailblazed, but you still must to choose the best one for you. If you have a product, you’ll want to use the internet to sell it. If you don’t have one, you could develop one. If you don’t want to, sell other people’s. If you don’t want to do that, just run ads.

Let’s forget, for the moment, that these all depend on incoming web traffic, and just focus on the pros and cons of each revenue source:

1. Selling physical goods requires warehousing, shipping, returns, and heavy customer service. It’s a significant investment of time and/or money, but this has the highest revenue potential.

2. Just running ads is much less work, especially with if you don’t have to deal directly with the advertisers. However, the earnings per click are quite low, so you need a lot more traffic to make good money. And not all informational topics are profitable. For example, searchers for entertainment and sports information don’t tend to click on ads or buy anything.

3. When you promote other people’s goods as an affiliate, you sit between the last two options- it can pay better than ads and be less hassle than hard goods. But you still have to provide content on profitable topics, and you need to be a comfortable and effective salesperson for the products that pay your bills.

4. Developing and selling your own digital products is at least as much work as selling hard goods, but requires much less overhead. You can write an ebook, turn it into a pdf, and get it onto a website with very little money.

5. And we shouldn’t end without mentioning that you can also sell your services online. If you write about what you do, whether you’re a web designer, lawyer, doctor, psychologist, carpenter, whatever, you can get web visits from prospects in your local area and turn those people into customers.

Since 1999, Brian B. Carter has reached millions of online readers, generated leads and business online, helped other businesses make money online, and sold his books. For more, see his AdWords Consulting Website and his Internet Marketing Blog

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How to Source Wholesale Goods

2009-10-03T16:15:00.001-07:00

If you're setting up a retail industry and finding for goods to sell, you will need to locate dependable wholesale providers. Sourcing wholesale goods can be challenging and there are definitely lots of drawbacks that business managers have to watch out for. Here are some useful tips in locating for the right wholesale item sources for your trade:

• Choose what you are going vend. There are lots of ways to go about this. You need to select goods that are going sell well, but the market is not fully flooded with. In that instance, you would have to be ultra-competitive so as to get sales. Maybe you make your own products to sell, or wish to sell fashion clothing or accessories. To determine what kind of products are selling well, you will have to look at fashions. If you're launching up a physical shop in your vicinity, you will have to make some research into local fashions. If online marketing is your game, then your capability for sales will increase exponentially.

• Select your provider type. Depending on what type of industry you are starting, you will have to decide on the kind of wholesale provider you wish to use. Manufacturers, distributors, liquidators, importers and drop shippers are the types of providers you can choose from.

• Where to look. The most common site to look is online. You can make use of general search engines such as Yahoo and Google, or you can utilize wholesale-specific search engines such as Wholesale Central, Top Ten Wholesale or Go wholesale. There are as well business lead sites like Global Sources and Alibaba, which let you locate providers all over the globe. But you can also check print directories, print publications and attend trade shows.

• Make your research. This can't be stressed enough. There are a lot of fakes, scams and just plain bad industries to look out for. There are many resources available for free, so employ them. The first site you can check is the provider's website. Check out all of their back orders, damages and return policies, and make sure they have their physical address and contact information posted on their website.

• Contact the seller and put your order. Many sellers have online payment methods set up, but beware of providers who are not giving you real wholesale pricing. Real wholesale providers usually deal with businesses only and require tax IDs to do business.

In order to make money in business online, one of the core factors determining this would be the strength of your supply chain.

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In All Fairness

2009-10-02T16:00:00.001-07:00

Along with "Green", "Eco-Friendly", and "Sustainable", "Fair Trade" seems to be a term that gets utilized quite a bit these days whether it is on the side of a coffee can or the back of a chocolate wrapper. We thought it might be useful to learn a little more about this label/movement.

The basic idea of Fair Trade is one of connecting producers (rural workers and craftsman) with viable markets (you and me). The goal is to achieve this in the most efficient and transparent way possible to ensure that those producers:

Receive a fair wage for the work they produce

Work in conditions that are safe and hazard free

Learn the business skills necessary to compete in the global economy

Produce goods sustainably to ensure the resources they utilize will survive for generations to come.

According to Wikipedia, Fair Trade can be defined as: "an organized social movement and market-based approach to empowering developing country producers and promoting sustainability. The movement advocates the payment of a fair price as well as social and environmental standards in areas related to the production of a wide variety of goods."

History: The current fair trade movement seems to have found its footing in and around Europe in the 1960's as a grass roots way of attempting to help third world nations by empowering the working class with capital. Initial Fair Trade efforts focused on seeking specialized channels of distribution for Fair Trade goods. As a result of this effort, so called "Worldshops" opened and became the destination for those seeking Fair Trade goods and wishing to support the movement. While this method of distribution brought attention to the cause, theses specialized outlets lacked the broad appeal of mass distribution. Enter the certification label. In the late 1980's in response to a sharp decline in coffee prices the first certification label was created (so called Max Havelaar label after a fictional Dutch character who opposed the exploitation of coffee pickers in Dutch colonies ). By creating a certification process and label that branded a product as "fair trade", the movement was able to move out of small specialty shops and into the mainstream. The success of this first Fair Trade label brought about the creation of many more, which naturally led to confusion in the marketplace. In 1997 FLO (Fairtrade Labeling Organizations International) was established as a governing body to set forth standards for the varying labels (referred to as Labeling Initiatives). In 2002 FLO created its own label, the International Fairtrade Certification Mark in an attempt to consolidate all marks into single recognizable symbol. However many individual Labeling Initiatives (such as TransFairUSA and TransFairCanada) still maintain a separate logo and work alongside FLO to ensure guideline compliance
.
How it works: Fair Trade products are general brought to market in one of two ways. The first is the "supply chain" method whereby goods are produced, distributed, and sold through a common organization whose goal is to enhance the living standards of the worker and promote fair trade. The second and more common today is the "certification" method whereby goods are certified by one of many third party independent sources as complying with a set of underlying goals. These goods are then allowed to use the certification mark which in theory will garner a premium over non certified products.

Fair Trade Today: The idea of Fair Trade has grown substantially in the years that have followed its inception. In order to learn a bit more about the challenges facing Fair Trade today we spoke with Barkha Malik of Barkhas Custom Sourcing LLC. Barkha has been working directly with rural crafts people (primarily in India) for over 15 years. She specializes in facilitating the creation of unique textiles for use in both residential and commercial settings. We asked Barkha about the obstacles confronting rural crafts people and the role she plays in bringing the goods to market. According to Barkha, "the greatest hurdle for the rural crafts people is probably the lack of education. This leads to exploitation of their talent by their employers. They often do not earn enough to make anything close to a decent living for their families. Lack of education also leads to ignorance about all the options that might be available to them through government funding programs or other avenues which can get them out of the ill-paid jobs they are trapped in".

According to Barkha, markets exist in which many of the goods produced can be very valuable,it is the logistics of getting their goods out to those markets that is daunting for these native artisans. Barkha sees her role as one who helps facilitate this. In order to do so she says that communication is the key. "Advances in technology have definitely made this work a lot easier than it was when I did my first custom project almost 15 years ago. Email and cell phones have made for much faster communication as compared to black/white faxes and waiting days for courier packages to arrive before approving textile patterns etc. Skype is another great way of international communication which is very economical and very popular even with small artisan groups in remote corners of the Himalayas who can log on from internet enabled computers in their local village marketplaces."

Future of Fair Trade: With the increasing awareness among consumers about sustainability and environmental issues it stands to reason that products produced under Fair Trade conditions may continue to enjoy acceptance and growth in the marketplace. According to FLO, 2007 saw a 47% increase in the sale of Fairly Traded goods to about $3.6 billion worldwide. If this growth is sustained Fair Trade items may someday become the standard rather than a niche brand.

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Descriptive Trademarks

2009-10-01T15:25:00.001-07:00

According to a Los Angeles trademark attorney and a Dallas trademark attorney, descriptive trademarks are another type of trademarks. Basically, descriptive trademarks are words, terms, or symbols that identify characteristics or qualities of an article or service, like color, odor, function, dimensions, properties, or ingredients are classified as descriptive trademarks. Further, as a general rule, surnames and terms that reflect the geographic origin of goods or services are descriptive.

Moreover, a significant amount of litigation is devoted to whether a particular trademark is actually descriptive of the product or the service it is supposed to represent. Remember, unlike arbitrary or suggestive trademarks, descriptive trademarks require the owner of the trademark to prove that the trademark is descriptive. This requires a significant amount of legal expense. In other words, there is a higher threshold of proof which is required to prove up a descriptive trademark. Indeed, expert witnesses will probably be required.

According to the United States Court for the Fifth Circuit of Appeals, there are several criteria in determining whether a particular trademark is descriptive. First, the courts will use the dictionary definition of the trademark. Second, the courts will look t the imagination test. Third, the courts will look at whether competitors need the descriptive terms in describing their products or services. Lastly, the courts will look at the extent to which others have used the term in the marketplace.

If you need more information, you should contact a qualified Dallas trademark attorney.

As a general rule of thumb, please note that making decisions with respect to litigating specific trademark areas, you should think about contacting a qualified trademark attorney.

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How to Sell Goods on eBay

2009-09-30T15:00:00.001-07:00

Quite recently I was having a clear out and came across a box of old vinyl albums in a box at the back of a cupboard. The obvious question arose; "Now what shall I do with all this stuff?" Now I'm a pretty altruistic kind of guy and quite often I'll take things down to a charity shop rather than just dumping them. On this occasion I'd earlier been looking for some books on eBay and the obvious thought occurred to me, why not sell the albums on eBay? Now by and large vinyl albums don't sell for a fortune on eBay, but rarer and more unusual ones - in good condition - can have dedicated fan bases eager to buy up original recordings. So, armed with my collection of some way-out 60s vinyl albums I needed to find out how to sell on eBay.

The first thing to do is register with eBay as a seller. Nothing could be easier as the eBay website takes you through this procedure in small and simple steps. Before starting this there are a few things to think about. First is how do you want people to pay you? You'll be offered several options by eBay for how to pay and be paid on its website. Using PayPal is a great way to finance things, for both selling and buying over the internet. So you might want to register with PayPal first, the alternative to that is you'll have to register a debit or credit card with them. Also, it'd be a good idea to think about the trading name you want to use. You can of course alter this later but you might consider; do you want to use your own name or a nick-name or something to do with what you're selling or .... whatever? A hint here is - have several names ready, regardless of how original you think yours might be you'd be amazed at how many seller names are already taken. You'll also need to have a password ready. When the on-screen instructions offer you a choice for the level of seller you want to operate at, initially I'd recommend creating a 'Personal seller account'.

Having completed the registration process, you're ready to open your account and start selling on eBay. Again, before starting this I'd do a bit of preparation; what are you going to write about the item(s), have you got a photograph of it/them ready, how much will it cost you to dispatch the item(s) to a buyer, ...etc? When you are ready, select the 'Sell' tab and the category/sub-category for the goods you want to sell. You then go to the 'Create your listings' page. Make sure you accurately and clearly name and describe your item(s). I'd always recommend having a photograph ready; it helps reassure potential buyers that 'you're on the level'. The photo needs to be either a 'gif' or 'jpeg' file and ideally 300x400 pixels, eBay can/will automatically resize images - but it's best if you edit the picture yourself to ensure it really shows off the item(s) to maximum effect.

The next stage is to determine the selling format. You need to set a starting price for bids and, if you're confident that the item(s) have a minimum retail value, you can set a reserve price - hidden or shown - that must be met or exceeded for a sale to be made. Don't forget that once you've made a sale you'll owe eBay a fee or some commission. Upload the information and wait for all the bids to come in. You may well get some queries from potential customers, be polite and patient with them - one of them might well be the person who buys from you. Finally, you'll automatically be sent the winning bidders email address by eBay, contact them within three days and close the deal.

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Obtaining Designer Goods On A Budget Online

2009-09-29T14:40:00.001-07:00

If you are fashion conscious and are regularly online you may think there are few options on how to obtain designer and other top quality products including clothes, footwear and jewellery.

In fact there are FOUR different ways you can find such goods, so lets look at the ups and downs of each and see which ones are best for your needs, or worth a try.

1. Buy New

Under this method you visit auction or retailers web sites, view products and buy direct. Postage and delivery may be included in the price or extra.

Unless you buy direct from the makers own web sites or known national retailers there is a risk of buying fake and imitation items, at what you may seems as a bargain. A designer pair of shoes which retails for $500 USD on offer as the "genuine" article for $50 can only be fake.

Upside you get NEW, DOWNSIDE is you need MONEY (or credit) and you can overspend far to easily to fuel your needs and desires. It's fine if you are earning 100,000 a year but most are budget conscious and seek bargains and ever lower prices.

2. Buy Used

Auction sites are the biggest source of used goods and offer a vast range of prices, quality and authentic goods - very much a "let the buyer we wary"
especially for big spenders who think they are getting bargains on designer goods, but in reality have been tricked into deals where they pay over the odds for fake or inferior goods.

Many auction sites have a vast stock of offers, changing daily, but require bidding, a task taking several days to see though, only to end up paying a higher price than planned, or miss out to others, better prepared to pay over the odds for unknown quality.

There is little "community spirit" you are either seller - wanting as much as you can for your goods, or buyer wanting top quality, fast delivery as cheap as possible.

3. Direct swap or trade

Under this program you source similar quality and priced used goods and TRADE with another member of the site. New sites of this type with little goods to offer can be time wasting when you are seeking items which are just not listed.

Ideally you need to take the plunge and list YOUR item (usually free to
list) to let other web surfers know what you have on offer BUT more importantly what you NEED before you will swap.

No money changes hands but deals rely on honesty of trading members who simply BOTH agree to send the other their item, any difference in postage is paid one to the other.

The upside is fraud is potentially nil as the fraudsters incentive MONEY just does not exist, and listing costs are either low or based on a single subscription payable monthly, quarterly or annually.

The downside is lack of variety, as it takes a long time for new sites to build a stock of offers, many of which may be long since sold or disposed of by other means, leading to frustration and time wasting for the web surfer.

4. Trade for points

A new breed of web site extends the strategy of the swap site and converts goods on offer and traded to a POINTS VALUE.

In this method users can EARN points and build up a bank of points in various ways, usually

A) free points on joining

B) trade YOUR goods with other members and rack up points based on the points value for each trade

C) BUY points for real money to top up your points "bank" for a desirable "purchase" you see on offer

D) refer new members to the site, and add bonus points

They can then SPEND their points and "BUY" goods on offer

Again as no money changes hands fraud is reduced, offering, potentially at least a better quality of listed offers.

Postage needs to be paid from the "buyer" and this can be agreed prior to trade with the "seller".

As new sites stock of offers can take time to build, but the concept seems to offer many advantages especially for lower value goods where listing fees on traditional auction sites can erode eventual sale prices. Potentially at least this type of site seems to offer and rely on more "community spirit"
and could become a regular place to visit.

Conclusion

You are ultimately ruled by available MONEY - if you are rich you can and will only BUY new from reputable stores and never, ever consider buying another's cast offs. For the majority of folk money is always tight, yet the need to be IN FASHION and LOOK GOOD with an ever changing wardrobe, so the new breed of trading sites could be worth a look, and adding a few offers may help boost them into tomorrows "must use" web sites.

Maurice Clarke is founding owner of http://www.internet-online-privacy.com a free and independent source of information about all aspects of online fraud and personal privacy issues. The site contains articles and web links highlighting the leading privacy issues and suggested preventions and solutions for both personal and business web surfers.

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Overseas Manufacturing and Clearing Goods Through Customs

2009-09-28T13:30:00.001-07:00

When importing into a country, there are a number of terms, regulations and procedures an importer should be familiar with. The following is a guide of different issues to be aware of when importing.

For first time importers, it is highly advisable to pay a customs broker to enter and clear goods through customs. Customs brokers are licensed by the countries in which they operate, and they act on behalf of the importer to file the necessary documents for products to enter a country at the port-of-entry. Depending on their relationship with their client, they may also pay customs duties and other importing expenses on their client's behalf. Finally, they advise importers about issues of which they may need to be aware such as country or origin markings and other issues importers need to be aware of.

When choosing a customs broker, the importer should first make sure they can enter goods at the arrival port. In the U.S., customs brokers are licensed by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Service.

Prior to placing an order with a manufacturer, the respective nation's customs agency and the importer's customs broker should be consulted to avoid possible problems such as the following:

Any legal issues that might exist with the product in the country of import.

Finding out after the product arrives at port that the it is subject to import quotas.

Possible health, safety or other regulations which apply to the product to be imported.

One easy to avoid, but common problem encountered when importing is the failure to mark the product in compliance with country of origin regulations. To avoid this, contact the respective customs agency of the nation where the merchandise will be imported to ensure the goods are in compliance. For example, custom laws in the U.S. require each imported good be marked with the English name of the country of origin (e.g. China) as legibly, indelibly, and permanently as the nature of the article permits. Furthermore, this marking must be visible to the ultimate purchaser of the product.

The tariff rate levied by customs must be paid before the importer can take possession of the goods. While tariff rates in countries like the U.S. average around 5% for most products, they can be significantly higher for some goods, particularly those with higher labor content. Therefore, it is important to know the rate before product arrives at port.

Before the goods are shipped, ensure the packing regulations for the destination country have been adhered. For example, every box, bale or case may need to be numbered with the exact quantity in each.

Other regulations include the type of pallets that can be used.

Problems with customs clearance often center around paperwork. Different goods often require different types of documentation, but the three major types of documentation the shipper must prepare include the following:

1. A bill of lading: This document, issued by the carrier or shipper, is basically a receipt of the goods acknowledging they have been received on the vessel for shipment. This document indicates the particular vessel on which the goods have been placed, the destination of the goods, and the terms for transporting the goods to their final destination.

2. A commercial invoice: This is used as a customs declaration by the entity that is exporting an item across international borders. This document is required by customs to determine the value of the goods to assess duties and taxes, and goods must be invoiced in a systematic manner.

3. Packing list: This document is an itemized detail of the merchandise in a particular shipment. A copy is usually attached to the outside of the shipping container or inside the container itself so the merchandise may be counted by the person opening it.

It is crucial to make sure these documents, and any others that may be needed for a particular shipment, are carefully completed and reviewed before the goods arrive.

To avoid excess storage fees, arrange for a freight forwarder or some other type of transporter to ship the goods to their final destination as soon as they have cleared customs.

Being aware of these points, as well working closely with customs and a customs broker, will make the importing process smoother and will reduce the possibility of unnecessary difficulty or expense.

For more information on China manufacturing sourcing this site offers custom manufacturing sourcing, manufacturing outsourcing and information on sourcing products from Chinese and other Asian factories.

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China Wholesale Electronics

2009-09-27T13:25:00.001-07:00

China is one of the most sought after destinations to import goods. All china wholesale goods are of high quality as well as affordable, which makes them an attractive option for a consumer. Today wholesale in china has reached a momentum of its own with a wide variety of goods, especially electronic items being manufactured at a fraction of the regular cost.

Quality uncompromised

If you are an importer then you can be assured that you can receive top quality wholesale electronics products from China. Although the products may get manufactured at extremely low costs it does not imply that the quality has been affected. As an importer it is best advised that you approach china wholesale drop ship agents so as to minimize costs overall. Be sure to avoid any kind of middlemen in the process of buying or importing the products as then prices could work out very steep. Ideally your aim should be to target those sellers in the china wholesale market who will provide you with low cost electronic items so you can resell them in your country at a very low price.

The long term business

Most china wholesale drop ship agents are far more interesting in doing a long term business with you. Hence they will go the extra mile in ensuring you get the best deals and prices for all your wholesale electronics goods. On an average, if you wish to import and resell generic and cheaper electronic items then a dropshipping agent will work best for you.

Stay ahead of competition

One of the good things about buying wholesale in china especially the electronic goods is that you will remain ahead of your direct competitors. It's because most of the latest items will be present in China much before they reach the retail stores in your own country. This way wholesale electronics goods are not only much cheaper in China but also the latest in terms of technology and aesthetic appeal.

Small quantities

Let's say you are a small scale enterprise that has recently started off. You need to purchase a small number of china wholesale electronics goods as opposed to a large scale organization that would need much more. Hence in such cases you can actually approach several china wholesale drop ship agents who will supply you with small quantities of electronic items. Unlike earlier where small scale businesses would be restricted from getting wholesale electronics goods simply because of the lack of lesser quantities, today a world of opportunity has opened up for the small business.

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Buying Cheap Wii Goods Made Easy!

2009-09-26T13:10:00.001-07:00

Finding bargains is something which I get a real thrill from - I just love feeling I'm beating the system! Whilst there's lots of sales started in high street stores already this side of Xmas, this year I've come up with some even more fantastic deals on the web.

With Christmas looming, and time running out, I got to trawling through all the Wii online sites (it's too cold to go out to the shops!). I'm mostly looking for good prices for Wii games like the Wii Fit for my family and some cool accessories for stocking fillers like the Wii skins to jazz up controllers and the console (hides the sticky finger marks!). So I find there's some sites which seem to be giving you a bargain until you look at the small print and find the delivery costs are just as much as the goods you're buying.

So I keep digging around and finally I find a few online sites that allow you to buy Wii consoles, games and accessories at very good prices but they don't sting you for delivery costs as long as you spend over a certain level. These sites are discount sites, but don't think that this is a problem as their products are top quality - it's just their prices which are rock bottom. They look very good, are blissfully easy to use, and best of all, offer a fantastic range of all the top selling Wii games and accessories.

As I had a bit of a shopping list, I ended up having all my Wii products bought at really cheap prices, and not having to pay anything for getting it delivered. My time spent looking around really paid off so think about going for these discount store as you're in for a treat. You get the top quality products you see on the high street for a fraction of the price, and all without having to leave the house! Check it out yourself - and enjoy stress-free shopping!

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Increase Profits With Affiliate & Distribution Channels For Your Digital Goods

2009-09-25T13:00:00.001-07:00

It's a lot of fun and hard work developing digital products, but even the best product can get lost in the crowd. As more and more people create digital products like ebooks, templates and software, it can be hard to get visibility in recruiting new affiliates and an edge in marketplaces. I'm still amazed by how many people are still limiting themselves to just one affiliate or distribution channel, and even more surprised by "experts" who don't even mention other services. Over the years, I've tried and tested a number of different distribution channels. Some were great, some really ... sucked.

There IS more to life than Clickbank!

Unlike Clickbank, a lot of these services are either free, or cost very little to get started with. Don't get me wrong - I've enjoyed Clickbank for many years both as a merchant and an affiliate. It's a great service, but there are other options which are equal and often better. The point is that you don't have to limit yourself to just one and while many of them may seem like they support only software, they actually allow ebooks, templates, and other kinds of digital goods.

So here's my reviews of channels you can use to sell your digital goods to reach a wider audience, gain more affiliates and of course - boost those sales, or not!

PayDotCom.com - http://paydotcom.com/

Similar to Clickbank, PayDotCom offers some impressive features. You can sign up for a free account which lets you sell one products for free, or upgrade for just $29.00 and submit as many products as you want - for life. There is no pre-approval process, handles both digital and tangible goods, gives you instant payments to your Paypal or Stormpay account, plus much more. This service has made the top of my list and I'm sure you'll hear the same thing from many other people as it grows in popularity.

RegSoft.com - http://www.regsoft.com

Another great network offering a huge affiliate network, multiple payment services, and great management options. Your customers can order online through credit card, or offline by fax, phone or mail. If that isn't sweet enough, they'll even let you put your products on CD with just a few clicks. It costs $9.95 to set up an account and they take commissions of $3 to 8.9% of sales. You couldn't ask for a better deal.

RegNow.com - http://www.regnow.com/

Excellent service which has been around as long as I remember and is one of the largest distribution channels on the web with a proven record. With their massive long-running successful affiliate network, great management tools & payment options, this is definitely one site you'll want to check out. There is a sign-up fee of $19.95 and they keep commissions of 6.9% + $1.00 per sale.

Payloadz.com - http://www.payloadz.com/

This popular service offers lots of great features through an easy-to-use control panel, connected to your Paypal account by which you receive payments. Secure & automated file downloading, eBay auction support, Adwords conversion tracking, and more. The affiliate program is their greatest weakness as it is not accessible enough from their website, and products can't easily be searched, with only the top-selling products appearing to be listed. Basically, you'll be getting 98% of your affiliate recruitments through your own website efforts. While this is a great service for managing sales of digital goods, it in itself will not provide the built-in exposure that other networks do.

Plimus.com - http://www.plimus.com/

Similar Regsoft, this is a smaller network but free to get started. They take a commission of anywhere from $0.75 up to 4.5% of sales.

MediaPal - http://www.mediapal.com/

Allows you to sell any kind of digital media including audio files, charging a $0.40 fee on every sale and a delivery fee of $0.01 per megabyte based on the file size, and 10% of the retail price. You can sell products from your website or CD. I joined them a while back, but never bothered doing anything with them because I found their control panel to be clumsy at the time their support for some products was limited. They seem to have come a long way since then, so you might want to give them a try.

Other distribution channels you might want to try that don't offer affiliate program management, but part of a network are listed below:

Lulu.com - http://www.lulu.com/

Lulu is just a darling. Sell not just digital goods throughout their growing network, you can also create and sell your own books and manuals in print! They have many options to choose from and you only pay fees if an item sells (they range depending on product type). This is one of those services that just gets better and better.

SwiftCD.com - http://www.swiftcd.com/

Allows you to create and sell CDs on demand for your products. Prices vary depending on the options you choose, but overall inexpensive.

BuyCreative.com - http://www.buycreative.com

- Offers you a place to buy and sell a variety of multimedia products including illustrations, photography, audio, 3D models, software, plug-ins, and more. While it is free to join and become a vendor, they keep 50% commissions. While this may seem like a lot, you have to put it into perspective - they bring the traffic, handle the sales and deliver the goods to the customer. Another important point is this: 50% of a $29.95 sale is $14.97 and 50% of nothing is $0.00 - so why be picky?

Emetrix.com - http://www.emetrix.com

- Similar to Payloadz.com, they offer free accounts and take a 15% commission per sale. While they do support affiliate programs, it is only through a selection of 3rd parties you must choose from (Shareasale, Clixgalore, MyAffiliateProgram, AffiliateShop, and Commission Junction) and then add to your control panel. Fine if you are a member of these affiliate services, but if not, you should know that they cost money - ranging from under $100 to over $3000.

Qwerks.com - http://www.qwerks.com/

- Probably not worth mentioning, but maybe you'll have better luck with it. I personally didn't see a single sale come through this service for the full year I was testing it. In all fairness though, that was a couple years ago, so they might have more traffic in their network by now.

Even more digital goods distribution networks to look into (which I didn't have time to review and may or may not offer affiliate options) include:

BitPass - http://www.bitpass.com/

eSellerate - http://www.plimus.com/

Leah Merchant - http://www.leahmerchant.com/

TradeBit - http://www.tradebit.com/

PaypalDownloads - http://www.paypaldownloads.com/

Before I forget, here's a tip: Instead of putting all the payment options on one page, creating new pages for each service's unique order link. This will benefit you and maintain good standing with your affiliates.

Good luck with your sales!

Carole Nickerson has been a web developer and internet marketer since 1998. Visit http://www.thenetter.com for more free articles, tips and software.

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Ethics in Advertising

2009-09-24T12:30:00.001-07:00

Introduction

Ethics have always been an important aspect of every business activity, although the term has meant different things at different times in different lands to different people. Nonetheless, as ethical concerns are an inseparable element of business, advertising can not ignore them. Sadly, the advertising industry has rarely cared to look beyond immediate marketing objectives. The argument in the industry is that it is the government's job to judge what is right and what is wrong. Shirking its own responsibility for regulation, the industry has belittled business values and agencies have harmed their balance sheets.

For any business, customer is very important, and businessman attempt to communicate to all their target customers using means of communication like advertising and sales promotion. Advertising is a very powerful and most commonly used tool.

Benefits of advertising

• Communication

The organization has to attract the customer and create a market for its products. For this purpose, advertising is the most powerful and widely used tool for communicating message regarding products/services to a large target audience.

• To raise the standard of living

In our developing economy, adverting with its micro and macro level influences, exerts vast and varied influences that have played key role in raising the standards of physical and material well being of the Indian society.

• To make market competitive

In India, one finds many innovations being introduced which has changed the market structure from seller's market, and thus the result is more competitive market conditions.

• Product differentiation

It is a fact that advertising brings about products variety through real and psychological product differentiation.

Critical evaluation of advertising

Though many benefits are achieved through advertisements, the ad message is becoming more and more exaggerated. To achieve competitive advantage, advertising magnifies unimportant differences, resorts to clever, tricky product promises, and claims more and more unbelievable benefits. The customer finds many advertisements as false, deceptive, or misleading. Consumers are uncertain regarding whether or not the performance of a product purchased will in fact meet their needs. If they find that the product lacks in quality, advantage, durability etc., as advertised they might not buy it again, and develop an aversion to every other product of that company.

Unethical advertising

Advertisement is considered unethical in the following situations;

• When it has degraded or underestimated the substitute or rival's product.

• When it gives false or misleading information on the value of the product.

• When it fails to give useful information on the possible reaction or side effects of the product. And

• When it is immoral.

Ways of misleading the consumers

• Many a time, traders entice the customers into their stores by advertising goods at a very low price, but they stock only a handful of such sale items in the store. When the advertised goods are sold out, consumers are steered towards the higher-priced stock or lower quality goods.

Retailers must ensure that reasonable supply of products is available during the sales, and retailers should not purposely avoid it. Retailers should make it clear in the advertisement that how many items on sale are available or when the sale ends.

• Sale offer should be for a limited period. Advertisement should declare that sale offer is for a limited time period. The period of the offer should be made clear in the advertisement only when the advertised goods are available for a limited period or stocks are limited.

• Traders often offer insignificant price reduction. To illustrate, a trader may advertise that the price of product is reduced to Rs.99.95, when the normal selling price is Rs.100.. The trader must include the normal selling price and discounted price in his offer .The trader sale offer is misleading if the trader claims the product is below cost , when the price is not below cost after discounts, rebates and other allowances it is misleading if the trader simply shows a fictitious higher price as normal selling price in the advertisement.

• Advertisement must clearly indicate the total price of goods or services. All price comparison must be truthful and must not intentionally or unintentionally mislead the consumers. Under the Fair Trade Practices Act, retailers have an obligation to ensure that they do not mislead or make false representations to customers with respect to price of the goods. The consumers who shop around and compare the prices of various products are less likely to be deceived by misleading claims consumers should also be aware of what is a reasonable price of goods and not take any advertised discounts at face value.

• While many sales are legitimate or genuine, the consumers should not get attracted to such sales offers i.e., "Hurry...very few days remain for sale''. The consumers should be aware of what to expect when retailers place items on sale and how to avoid being misled by discount advertisements. A marketer should take care to ensure that when goods or services are advertised to be available at a discount or as being on sale, it is a genuine discount or sale.

Remedies to overcome deceptive advertisements

• Cease-and- Desist Orders

The cease-and-desist orders, which prohibit the respondent from engaging any more in deceptive practice, are actually the only formal procedure established by the Federal Trade Commission Act for enforcing the prohibition of ' deceptive acts and practices.''

• Restitution

Restitution means the consumer is compensated for any damage caused to him by the product that had advertised claims not adequately substantiated. Restitution is rarely considered because of its severity.

• Affirmative Disclosures

If an advertisement has provided insufficient information to the consumers, an affirmative disclosure might be issued Affirmative disclosure require 'clear and conspicuous disclosure' of omitted information. Often the involved information relates to the deficiency or limitations of the product or service possibly relating to matters of health or safety.

• Corrective Advertising

Corrective Advertising requires the advertisers to verify past deception by making suitable amendment in any of its future commercial.

Self Regulation in Advertising

It is our responsibility to regulate our operations. And we must do it ourselves. Self regulation is not a quick-fix solution; it will be completely ineffective with out commitment from and the integrity of one and all. Self Regulation may require the following;

• The development of a self-regulatory code of conduct covering all forms of media that is sensitive to ethics, legalities, decency and truthfulness in advertising.

• Provision for monitoring and accountability, including a policy allowing for the removal of ads that violate the code.

• Greater participation of advertising professionals in the regulatory process.

• The inclusion of non-industry players in the process

• Consumer awareness of the self regulation system.

• Simplification of the complaint process against ads.

• Transparency throughout the entire system.

These reforms will achieve three goals. They will make the industry accountable for its actions. They will make regulators and critics think twice before attacking the industry and finally they will lead the public to trust ads, advertisers and agencies.

Conclusion

Reputable companies and advertising agencies avoid telling lies. They realize the cost of being caught. A dent in trust can prove to be much costlier than the failure of an ad campaign or for that matter, even a brand. The challenge before advertisers and agencies is to ensure that ads reflect our values. We must endeavor to see that "advertising" does not remain a dirty word.

Dr.Gomathi Viswanathan

Trademark Law India

2009-09-23T12:15:00.001-07:00

Trade Mark means a registered trade mark or a mark used in relation to goods for the purpose of indicating or so as to indicate a connection in the course of trade between the goods and some person having the right as proprietor to use the mark; and a mark used or proposed to be used in relation to goods for the purpose of indicating or so as to indicate a connection in the course of trade between the goods and some person having the right, either as proprietor or as registered user, to use the mark whether with or without any indication of the identity of that person, and includes a certification trade mark.(See Section 2(v) of the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958)

In other words, a trade mark is a visual symbol in the form of a word, a device, or a label applied to articles of commerce with a view to indicate to the purchasing public that they are the goods manufactured or otherwise dealt in by a particular person as distinguished from similar goods manufactured or dealt in by other persons. A person who sells his goods under a particular trade mark acquires a sort of limited exclusive right to use of the mark in relation to those goods. Such a right acquired by use is recognized as a form of property in the trade mark, and protected under common law. A person can also acquire a similar right over a trade mark, not so far used but only proposed to be used, by registering it under the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958. The law of trade marks is based mainly on two concepts ; distinctiveness and deceptive similarity.

Function of Trade Mark

The function of a trade mark is to give an indication to the purchaser or possible purchaser as to the manufacture or quality of the goods, to give an indication to his eye of the trade source from which the goods come, or the trade hands through which they pass on their way to the market. It tells the person who is about to buy that what is presented to him is either what he has known before under the similar name as coming from a source with which he is acquainted, or that it is what he has heard of before as coming from that similar source. It gives the purchaser a satisfactory assurance of the mark and quality of the article he is buying, the particular quality being not discernible by the eye. It is on the faith of the mark being genuine and representing a quality equal to that which he has previously found a mark may be used to indicate not only that the goods are of a particular maker but are goods of that maker of a particular kind or quality. Thus a trader may indicate his best quality by one trade mark, his second quality by another trade mark and so on.

Under modern business conditions a trade mark performs four functions:

(1) it identifies the product and its origin,

(2) it guarantees its unchanged quality,

(3) it advertises the product, and

(4) it creates an image for the product.

Object of Protecting Trade Mark

With the immense growth in the scale of business, and the advertising that accompanies it, modern customers rarely have that personal knowledge of suppliers which is the hallmark of a village economy. Even so, their interest in source of supply has not in essence changed. Information about origin is only a means towards an end : their main concern is in the quality of what they are buying. In the case of some goods, part of that quality may be bound up with source in a specific way : as for instance, when the goods will need servicing and the manufacturer or supplier is looked to for the services. But in a great may cases source, particularly when indicated by a Cypher such as a product mark or get-up, does not have even this significance. What it does is to enable the purchaser to link goods or services to a range of personal expectations about quality which derive from previous dealings, recommendations of others, attractive advertising and so on. Nor should it be forgotten that, however persuasively the advertiser may seek to promote this sort of symbol, it retains a neutral character in one sense : once a consumer learns that he does not want particular goods, the mark, name or get-up becomes a significant warning signal.

A law protecting marks, names and get-up accordingly, seems unavoidable in a capitalist economy. In various aspects, however, these laws have tended to develop in a manner that may appear to confer power without responsibility. The trade mark owner acquires the all important right to stop imitations of his indication of source, but his own use is conditioned by few limitations of positive requirement. It is perfectly possible for the public to be taught that a box bearing a particular mark and get-up contains 500 gm. of chocolates and then, by discreet expansion of the packaging, to reduce that amount to 475 grams. (See Surya Roshni Ltd. v. Samana Steel Ltd., AIR 1997 Del 321, where plaintiff was held entitled to temporary injunction for protecting its trade mark).

Different forms of Protecting Trade Mark

If the mark is a registrable one the best way to protect it is by registration. Infringement of the mark can be easily established. If the infringing mark is identical and the goods covered by registration, the success in an action for infringement is almost certain unless the registration can be attacked on the ground of invalidity of registration or the defendant could established honest concurrent user, or acquiescence on the part of the registered proprietor, or prior user. If the marks are not identical but only similar then the plaintiff will have to establish that the defendants` mark is deceptively similar, that is to say, the similarity is such as to be likely to deceive or cause confusion which is a proposition not easy to establish. Ultimately the question of similarity is one for the judge to decide on which opinion may often differ.

In the case of unregistered marks and marks which are not registrable the only way they can be protected is by an action for passing off. The plaintiff will have to prove sufficient use of the mark so as to create valuable goodwill of the business connected with the goods bearing the mark.

Property in Trade Mark

Under common law a trader acquires a right of property in a distinctive trade mark merely by using it upon or in relation to some goods irrespective of the length of such user or the extent of his trade. As between two who are each desirous of adopting the same mark it is entirely a question of who gets there first.

Property in a trade mark which is only proposed to be used in relation to some goods can be obtained by registration of the mark under the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958.

There is no right to the exclusive ownership of a trade mark apart from its use or application of it in connection with some vendible commodity. In other words property in a trade mark does not exist in air.

http://www.delhilaw.firm.in/patent_intellectualpropertyright.htm
http://trustman.org/lawfirm/trademark_india.htm
Trustman & Co - A Law Firm at Delhi India for patent, patent PCT application filing real estate Intellectual property right corporate law company formation/ incorporation/ registration international trade trademark real estate debt collection credit report due diligence legal risk business law foreign direct investment approval / permission to set up business/ company legal outsourcing LPO.

Changing Your Perception on Handmade Goods

2009-09-22T11:50:00.001-07:00

I've been thinking a lot about how some customers and people in general perceive handmade items. It's an interesting topic, because I myself have always thought of handmade goods as something special, something unique, something to be coveted.

I've always been crafting on some level, and often give away handmade gifts at holidays. These gifts have always won far more appreciation from the recipient than something that is mass produced.

I figured everyone else thought this way, too. Until I started selling my jewelry.

The impetus for my chewing on this topic was a recent comment I received when someone reviewed my Etsy shop site. She said "I can't believe this beautiful jewelry is handcrafted. Nice site beautiful selection..." Hmm.

Don't get me wrong, I'm happy to receive the compliment. Very happy! However, the idea of "I can't believe this beautiful jewelry is handcrafted" has been sticking in my brain. Why do people have this perception that handcrafted translates into junky? I've seen this time and time again.

A girlfriend's husband, a few years ago, mentioned that she was dragging him to a "crap show". I asked him what he meant by it (I'd never HEARD of a CRAP show before!) and he said. "Oh ha ha.. you know, a craft show." I laughed it off but will always remember it.

I've heard several, dozens of stories about people selling at craft shows and overhearing comments like "Nice, but I can get the same thing so much cheaper at fill in the blank retailer".

The answer to this is yes, you can get a better price. But you won't be getting the same thing. You forfeit quality in materials and craftsmanship. You forfeit your chance to support a local business person, to say no to mass produced items that are often made in poor working environments paying bad wages to the workers. You often forfeit the opportunity to own a completely unique piece of art, clothing or jewelry. You forfeit a true human connection to the artisan that made the item with their own two hands. In my eyes, that's a lot to give up.

It's very funny to me, not only because I make quality handcrafted items that I believe seriously rival anything you could buy that has been mass produced. My jewelry has gotten high marks from my clientele for originality and durability. You truly do get what you pay for. It's funny to me because people seem to perceive the things they buy that have been mass manufactured to be somehow magically formed in a cauldron somewhere. If you would stop to think for just a moment about where the items you buy off the shelves of WalMart, Target and the like may come from their perception may change entirely. Most things are handcrafted. It's just a matter of this: in what fashion? under what circumstances? at the expense of whom? who stands to gain from my purchase?

Ask yourself: Do you want to purchase assembly line items that are exploitative and sometimes poorly crafted with poor materials (lead, in some cases)? Or, do you want to know where your purchases come from, have a friendly conversation with the person that actually laid their hands on the raw materials and whipped up a thing of beauty just for you. I promise you if you stop to think about it just a little bit every day, your entire world could change. For the better.

Think about this when you shop, think about it during the upcoming holiday season. You know the saying "Think globally, act locally." Try to think of this whenever you shop for yourself, shop for a gift, or during the holiday season. Whether you're shopping online, seeking out local retailers or attending a craft fair. Where do you really want your hard earned dollar to go?

Jessica
- Liebling Designs
http://www.lieblingdesigns.etsy.com
http://www.lieblingartcrafts.wordpress.com

Trademarks in India: Law & Procedure

2009-09-21T11:40:00.001-07:00

Legislation

The Indian law of trademarks is enshrined in the Trade Marks Act, 1999. The Act seeks to provide for the registration of trademarks relating to goods and services in India. The rights granted under the Act, are operative in the whole of india.

What is a Trademark

A TRADEMARK is a word, phrase, symbol or design, or combination of words, phrases, symbols or designs is used in the course of trade which identifies and distinguishes the source of the goods or services of one enterprise from those of others. A SERVICE MARK is the same as a trademark except that it identifies and distinguishes the source of a service rather than a product. Normally, a mark for goods appears on the product or on its packaging, while a service mark appears in advertising for the services.

A trademark is different from a copyright or a patent or geographical indication. A copyright protects an original artistic or literary work; a patent protects an invention whereas a geographical indication is used to identify goods having special characteristics originating from a definite territory.

Classification of Goods and Services*

Almost all jurisdictions including India employ a classification system in which goods and services have been grouped into classes for registration. Most countries follow the same classification system, namely the International Classification of Goods and Services, which consists of 34 classes of goods and 8 classes of services. (The WIPO recently revised the Nice Classification, adding three service classes (43, 44, 45) and restructuring Class 42, retaining certain services. This provision has not yet been implemented in India).

For example, printed matter, newspaper and periodicals are classified in Class 16 while services in the field of publication comes under Class 41. Time Incorporated, USA is the registered proprietor of the trademark “TIME” in about 150 countries.

Rights conferred by registration

The registration of a trademark confers on the registered proprietor of the trademark the exclusive right to use the trademark in relation to the goods or services in respect of which the trademark is registered. While registration of a trademark is not compulsory it offers better legal protection for action for infringement.

Who Can Apply For A Trademark

Any person can apply for registration of a trademark to the Trademark Registry under whose jurisdiction the principal place of the business of the applicant in India falls. In case of a company about to be formed, anyone may apply in his name for subsequent assignment of the registration in the company's favor.

Trademark Search

Before making an application for registration it is prudent to make an inspection of the already registered trademarks to ensure that registration may not be denied in view of resemblance of the proposed mark to an existing one or prohibited one.

Filing and Prosecuting Trademark Applications

An application for trademark may be made on Form TM-1 with prescribed fee of Rs. 2500/- at one of the five office of the Trade Marks Registry located at Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Ahmedabad depending on the place where the applicant resides or has his principle place of business. The application is examined to ascertain whether it is distinctive and does not conflict with existing registered or pending trademarks and examination report issued. If it is found be acceptable then it is advertised in the Trade Marks Journal to allow others to oppose the registration. If there is no opposition or if the opposition is decided in favour of the applicant then the mark is registered and a certificate of registration is issued. If the applicant's response does not overcome all objections, the Registrar will issue a final refusal. The applicant may then appeal to the Intellectual Property Appellate Board, an administrative tribunal.

A common ground for refusal is likelihood of confusion between the applicant's mark with registered mark or pending prior mark. Marks, which are merely descriptive in relation to the applicant's goods or services, or a feature of the goods or services, may also be refused registration. Marks consisting of geographic terms or surnames may also be refused. Marks may be refused for other reasons as well.

Duration of a Trademark

The term of a trademark registration is for a period of ten years. The renewal is possible for further period of 10 years each. Unlike patents, copyrights or industrial design trademark rights can last indefinitely if the owner continues to use the mark. However, if a registered trademark is not renewed, it is liable to be removed from the register.

Use of the "TM," "SM" and "(R)" Symbols

Anyone who claims rights in a mark can use the TM (trademark) or SM (service mark) designation with the mark to alert the public of the claim. It is not necessary to have a registration, or even a pending application, to use these designations. The claim may or may not be valid. The registration symbol, (R), may only be used when the mark is registered.

Remedies For Infringement And Passing-Off

Two types of remedies are available to the owner of a trademark for unauthorized use of his or her mark or its imitation by a third party. These remedies are: - ‘an action for infringement' in case of a registered trademark and ‘an action for passing off*' in the case of an unregistered trademark.

The basic difference between an infringement action and an action for passing off is that the former is a statutory remedy and the latter is a common law remedy. Accordingly, in order to establish infringement with regard to a registered trademark, it is necessary only to establish that the infringing mark is identical or deceptively similar to the registered mark and no further proof is required. In the case of a passing off action, proving that the marks are identical or deceptively similar alone is not sufficient. The use of the mark should be likely to deceive or cause confusion. Further, in a passing off action it is necessary to prove that the use of the trademark by the defendant is likely to cause injury or damage to the plaintiff’s goodwill, whereas in an infringement suit, the use of the mark by the defendant need not cause any injury to the plaintiff.

However, the registration cannot upstage a prior consistent user of trademark in India, for the rule followed is ‘priority in adoption prevails over priority in registration`. In many other jurisdictions like Saudi Arabia, Nepal etc. where the first party to register a trademark is considered the party to own the mark, regardless of prior use of the mark.

*Passing off originated with the tort of deceit. The doctrine is based on the principle that one trader is not to sell his goods under the pretence that they are the goods of another trader. Historically, marketplace has been concerned with guaranteeing consumers the quality of goods that they had come to rely upon in the course of trade. To further that guarantee, the common law developed the tort of passing off, which helped to assure that a person was representing his goods as being his and not the goods of someone else.

Safeguards to be taken by the proprietor of a registered trade mark to protect his rights: -

The proprietor should use and renew the trademark regularly and in time. If the trademark is misused by others he should file a suit for infringement and passing off and also take criminal action.

The proprietor should keep a watch in respect of trademarks published in the Trade Marks Journal and institute opposition proceedings if identical or deceptively similar trademarks are advertised. He should initiate rectification proceedings if an identical or deceptively similar trademark is registered.

Use Of Trademarks In Foreign Countries

Trademark rights are granted on a country-by-country basis. An Indian registration provides protection only in India and its territories. If the owner of a mark wishes to protect a mark in other countries, the owner must seek protection in each country separately under the relevant laws.

International trademark protection

There is no system as yet wherein a single trademark application is sufficient to protect the trademark right internationally. However, Paris convention* provides certain privileges to member countries in trademark registration. A party that files their first trademark application in a member state of the Convention, such as India, can within six months of that filing date file applications in other member countries claiming the priority of the first application. If such a trademark is accepted for registration it will be deemed to have registered from the same date on which the application is made in the home country.

It is also possible to utilize multinational filing systems in certain regions in order to obtain trademark protection. For example, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg have a single trademark registry, commonly referred to as the Benelux Trademark Register. The European Union consisting of 15 countries has adopted its own trademark system, known as the Community Trademark. The African Organization for Intellectual Property (OAPI), a group of African nations, have replaced their national trademark offices with a common trademark office which offers a single trademark registration valid in all of the member states.

Almost all countries have trademark offices in which applications may be filed. Therefore, when contemplating trademark protection in various countries, it is most helpful to start with a list of countries where registered trademark protection is available. Deciding where to register a trademark involves various considerations. Countries where a trademark is currently in use, but prior use of trademark is not recognized, should be the first to be considered for seeking registered protection. If commencing use shortly or expanding use to other countries within a few years, then such countries should also be included. The last group of countries should be those have a history of unauthorized registration of other's trademarks.

* Paris Convention is the most basic and important multilateral convention relating to intellectual property, including trademarks, of which India is a member. It defined the meaning and scope of industrial property rights protection and established basic principles and rules.

P.M. George Kutty Attorney at Law of http://www.pmgip.com

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10 Reasons To Sell Vintage Antiques & Used Goods On eBay

2009-09-20T11:35:00.001-07:00

Consider used, old, antique and vintage items when you are wondering what items you can sell on eBay or another auction website to supplement your income or even create a core selling career. Try not to think of selling new goods using a wholesaler or drop shipper. The best margins are consistently achieved through the sale of used, old, antique and vintage items. There are a number of reasons for this.

1. Buyer interest.

Buyers know they can get new goods on specialized websites. They like to look for unusual, secondhand or even antique and rare articles on auction websites such as eBay. After all, prior to the internet auctions were where all the best bargains were to be found. Buyers still believe it.

2. Rarity.

By definition a vintage, antique or used item is more scarce supply than one which is new. Anything from an old refrigerator to an antique bible is most likely going to be uniquely listed. That is good news for searches. Your item won't be buried among hundreds identical products.

3. Premium price.

If something is scarce then you can demand a lot of money for it, mostly quite out of proportion to its intrinsic value. You are selling a perception of value, and that can be quite profitable.

4. Ease of sourcing.

There is a lot of junk in the world, some of it high-class and a lot of it that is, well, just junk. Nonetheless a large proportion of it is salable. As long as you are in a town or city it will be easy to source vintage, antique and used items.

5. Stock affordability.

Junk comes at low prices. Very often people clearing attics, basements and garages are willing to pay you to take it away! As long as you have a place to store it, you can get it cheap.

6. Selling for a third party. If someone has an old oak wardrobe or an antique brass bed to sell but you don't want to buy it out of hand, you can sell it on their behalf. In other words, you get "free" stock and take a cut of the proceedings.

7. Money from your camera.

If you decide to sell antique or vintage items you will probably not own all of them, to start with anyway. By taking pictures of such items in shops or at people's homes you can make money from your camera by placing ads for their items on eBay and taking a commission.

8. Profitability.

A particular out-of-print book, a certain postage stamp or even the fender of a vintage car has a value to the buyer that is very different from that of the seller. Mostly the seller just wants to get rid of it, whereas the buyer is generally prepared to pay a high price for it. That is why dealing in used goods can be so profitable.

9. Interest.

By specializing in a certain area of vintage, antique goods used online a seller can build up specialized knowledge in that particular field. Very often this can lead to an eBay seller starting a brick and mortar store to compliment his or her estore!

10. Low turnover.

Selling new goods such as apparel, electronic equipment, cell phones is a high turnover business, subject to the vagaries of the market and changing fashions. Antique, vintage or used items will always be that. They can stay listed until they are sold.

Jenny How is a full time eBay Powerseller. She has been earning a living from eBay since 3 years ago after a surgery which left her with facial paralysis. She publishes free eBay tips and practical guides on how to sell on eBay. More in depth articles and tips posted at her site http://www.jennyhow.com

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